Question
Write reagent for conversion of alkyl nitrile into aldehyde.

Answer

Alkyl nitriles on reduction with stannous chloride in presence of HCl followed by acid hydrolysis give corresponding aldehydes.

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In a first-order reaction A → B, 60% of a given sample of a compound decomposes in $45$ mins. What is the half-life of reaction? Also, write the rate law equation for the above first-order reaction.
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The overall reaction takes place into two steps:
(i) $Sn _{( aq )}^{2+} \rightarrow Sn ^{4+}+2 e ^{-}$(Oxidation half reaction)
(ii) $2 AgCl _{( s )}+2 e ^{-} \rightarrow 2 Ag _{( s )}+2 Cl _{\text {(aq) }}^{-}$(Reduction half reaction)
Hence the cell is,
$Pt \left| Sn _{\text {(aq }}^{2+}, Sn _{\text {(aq) }}^{4+} \| Cl _{\text {(aq) }}^{-}(1 M )\right| AgCl _{( s )} \mid Ag _{( s )}$

(b) $Mg _{( s )}+ Br _{2(l)} \rightarrow Mg _{( aq )}^{2+}+2 Br _{( aq )}^{-}$
The overall reaction takes place into two steps:
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