EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY — Economics STD 12 Commerce — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 CommerceEconomicsEMERGING ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY3 Marks
Question
Write short note: Electricity.
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Answer
Electricity is an important source of energy in India.
Electricity is an important driving force for economic development.
Electricity is inevitable for development of urban and rural sectors.
It is investable for the development of agriculture, irrigation, and home industry, small scale industry in the rural sector and for industrial and service sector in urban areas.
During planning with the increase of industrialisation demand of electricity as energy has raised and expanded.
Along with it domestic Use of electricity is increased.
Along with improvement in people's lifestyle their luxury gadgets also consume electricity.
The demand has increased in the villages due to the policy of electrification in village.
The demand has remarkably increased.
Compare to this production capacity is not sufficient therefore the problem of shortage of electricity is being faced.
For the last some years along with Public sector, private sector is allowed to enter the production and distribution sector of electricity.
Production competency in India was $2300$ mega watt in $1450-51,$ which increased in July $2004$ to $154,574$ mega watt Means in $61$ years it increased $100$ time India's number in the world is remarkable in consumption and production of electricity.
India's number is $7th$ in generating maximum electricity in the world while in its number is $5th$ in the consumption of electricity.
There are four ways to obtain electricity in India.
$(1)$ Thermal Power
$(2)$ Hydro Power
$(3)$ Nuclear Power
$(4)$ Wind mill, Bio gas, solar energy etc.
For the last many years government is implementing various encouraging policies to make people use solar energy.
Subsidy is provided to purchase solar cooker, solar geyser, etc.
The largest share is of thermal power to generate power in total power generation in India.
Coal is used in it.
In $2012-13\ 70\%$ energy was obtained by thermal power, $16\%$ through hydro and nuclear power $12\%$ through wind power and $2\%$ through other sources, energy was obtained.
More encouragement is provided by government for power generation without affecting environment, to generate energy through wind mill and hydropower.
Electricity is generated in India by central government, state government and private sector.
$45\%$ electricity is consumed by industries, $22\%$ in residents, $18\%$ in agriculture, $2\%$ in transport, and $13\%$ by others.
There are some challenges faced by electricity sector in India.
$(1)$ Production efficiency is not totally utilised.
$(2)$ To reach the growth and development rate of $7$ to $8\%.$
Sufficient electricity should be generated but it is not produced upto the requirement.
$(3)$ Less electricity is generated than its efficiency
$(4)$ Improper distribution of electricity, defective and theft of electricity are the threats before electricity.
$(5)$ The rates of electricity are higher in India and government has failed to supply it continuously, which is a great obstacle in progress.
$(6)$ The most serious challenge is the supply of coal through which thermal power station generates $70\%$ electricity.
Failure to supply coal is a great challenge.
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