Question
Write short notes: Functional group.
✓
Answer
(1) The compound acquire specific chemical properties due to these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms that contain hetero atoms, irrespective of the length and nature of the carbon chain in that compound. Therefore these hetero atoms or the groups of atoms containing hetero atoms are called functional groups.
All organic compounds are derivatives of hydrocarbons. The derivatives are formed by replacing one or more H-atom/atoms of hydrocarbon by some other hetero atom or groups of atoms containing hetero atoms. After replacement, a new compound is formed which has properties different from the parent hydrocarbon.
Examples: For methane, if one hydrogen atom is replaced by an - $\mathrm{OH}$ group, then a compound is methyl alcohol $\left(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{OH}\right)$. The $-\mathrm{OH}$ group is known as the alcoholic functional group.
Functional group is organic compound:
1. Alcohol: - $\mathrm{OH}$ (hydroxy group)
4. Carboxylic acid: $-\mathrm{COOH}$
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