Question
Write short notes on :
(a) Photochemical Oxidants
(b) Incineration Pyrolysin
(c) Reverse Osmosis
(a) Photochemical Oxidants
(b) Incineration Pyrolysin
(c) Reverse Osmosis
✓
Answer
(a) Photochemical Oxidants : Photochemical oxidants are found in photochemical smog which is a complex mixture of primary and secondary air pollutants. Photochemical oxidants are the product of chemical reactions that occur between nitrogen oxide (NO) and any of a host of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Common or well known photochemical oxidants include ozone $\left(\mathrm{O}_3\right)$, hydrogen peroxide $\left(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2\right)$, and peroxyacetyle nitrate (PAN). These photochemical oxidants are cause for concern, as they can have negative effects on human, plant and animal health.
(b) Incineration Pyrolysis : Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at high temperature in the absence of oxygen. It involves changes of chemical composition and physical phase. In the pyrolysis process organic material, that is a part of electronic waste, is decomposed to molecular products that can be use e.g. as fuel. Pyrolysis of organic materials produces gas and liquid products and leaves a solid residue rich in carbon (char). Proportions of solid, liquid and gas yields depend on material that is pyrolyzed and process conditions. Pyrolysis is carried out at very high temperature, $600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
(c) Reverse Osmosis : Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane (synthetic lining) to filter out unwanted molecules and large particles such as contaminants and sediments like chlorine, salt, and dirt from drinking water. In addition to removing contaminants and sediments, reverse osmosis can also remove microorganisms. It gets water clean down to a molecular level, leaving only pure $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ behind.
(b) Incineration Pyrolysis : Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at high temperature in the absence of oxygen. It involves changes of chemical composition and physical phase. In the pyrolysis process organic material, that is a part of electronic waste, is decomposed to molecular products that can be use e.g. as fuel. Pyrolysis of organic materials produces gas and liquid products and leaves a solid residue rich in carbon (char). Proportions of solid, liquid and gas yields depend on material that is pyrolyzed and process conditions. Pyrolysis is carried out at very high temperature, $600^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.
(c) Reverse Osmosis : Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane (synthetic lining) to filter out unwanted molecules and large particles such as contaminants and sediments like chlorine, salt, and dirt from drinking water. In addition to removing contaminants and sediments, reverse osmosis can also remove microorganisms. It gets water clean down to a molecular level, leaving only pure $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ behind.
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