Download App

Forest Society and Colonialism — Social Science STD 9 — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 9Social ScienceForest Society and Colonialism5 Marks
Question
Write short notes on the following:
  1. Scientific forestry.
  2. The Kalangs of Java.
  3. Dutch scientific forestry.
✓

Answer

  1. Scientific forestry: In scientific forestry, natural forests, which had lots of different types of trees, were cut down. In their place, one type of tree was planted in straight rows. This is called a plantation. Forest officials surveyed the forests, estimated the area under different types of trees and made working plans for forest management. They planned how much of the plantation area to be cut every year. The area cut was then to be replanted so that it was ready to be cut again in some years.
  2. The Kalangs of Java: The Kalangs of Java were a community of skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators. They were so valuable that in $1755$ when the Mataram kingdom of Java split, the $6,000$ Kalang families were equally divided between the two kingdoms. Without their expertise, it would have been difficult to harvest teak and for the kings to build their palaces. When the Dutch began to gain control over the forests in the $18^{th}$ century, they tried to make the Kalangs work under them. In $1770,$ the Kalangs resisted by attacking a Dutch fort at Joana, but the uprising was successfully suppressed.
  3. Dutch scientific forestry: In the $19^{th}$ century, the Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to control the people and the territory. These forest laws restricted villagers' access to forests. Now wood could only be cut for specified purposes like making river boats or constructing houses, and only from specific forests under close supervision. Villagers were punished for grazing cattle in young stands, transporting wood without a permit or travelling on forest roads with horse carts or cattle.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)" from Forest Society and Colonialism→Forest Society and Colonialism — all question types→Social Science STD 9 question papers→Rajasthan Board STD 9 question papers→Rajasthan Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Give main characteristics of the Ganga River System.
→
Why did the cattle stock of the Maasai's decrease under colonial rule?
→
Who is a poor person according to the World Bank?
→
"The mansoon is casidered a unifying bord in India". Explain it with suitable examples.
→
What are the main features of ‘Right to equality?’
→
Here is the letter written by Mahatma Gandhi to Adolf Hitler on June 23rd, 1939.
HERR HITLER
BERLIN
GERMANY
DEAR FRIEND,
Friends have been urging me to write to you for the sake of humanity. But I have resisted their request, because of the feeling that any letter from me would be an impertinence. Something tells me that I must not calculate and that I must make my appeal for whatever it may be worth.
It is quite clear that you are today the one person in the world who can prevent a war which may reduce humanity to the savage state.
Must you pay that price for an object however worthy it may appear to you to be? Will you listen to the appeal of one who has deliberately shunned the method of war not without considerable success?
Anyway I anticipate your forgiveness, if I have erred in writing to you.
I remain,
Your sincere friend,
M.K. GANDHI
Give five values which can be reflected from the above letter.
→
"The people of Bastar speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs." Explain.
→
How does the constitution protect our rights?
→
Rivers are very important for development in India'. Explain.
→
What does 'factors of production' mean? What are the four requirements for the production of goods and services?
→