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Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids — Chemistry STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceChemistryAldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids2 Marks
Question
Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.
✓

Answer

  1. Taking two molecules of propanal, one which acts as a nucleophile and the other as an electrophile.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}\ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{2 CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}\xrightarrow{\ \text{dil}\text{ NaOH}\ }\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanal}$

  1. Taking two molecules of butanal, one which acts as a nucleophile and the other as an electrophile.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}\ \ \ \ \text{CH}_2 \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{2 CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}\xrightarrow{\ \text{dil}\text{ NaOH}\ }\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Butanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{2-Ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal}$

  1. Taking one molecule each of propanal and butanal in which propanal acts as a nucleophile and butanal acts as an electrophile.$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}\ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}+\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Butanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{3-Hydroxy-2-methylpentanal}\\ \ \ \ (\text{Electrophile})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{Nucleophile})$
  1. Taking one molecule each of propanal and butanal in which propanal acts as an electrophile and butanal acts as a nucleophile.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}\ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}+\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}-\text{CHCHO}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Butanal}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{2-Ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal}\\\ \ (\text{Electrophile})\ \ \ \ \ \ (\text{Nucleophile})$

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