Evolution — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

What do you mean by trophic level and food chain?

Retroviruses are disease causing microorganisms, even then they are efficiently used in biotechnology experiments. Explain how is it possible?

VNTR belongs to a class of satellite DNA, called microsatellite.

Define genetically modified organism (GMO).

The use of incinerators is crucial for the disposal of hospital waste. Justify.

Provide an instance where the population size of a species can be estimated indirectly, without actually counting them or seeing them.

Write the importance of MOET.

Mark the odd one in the following groups.
Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Aspergillus, Acetobacter.

List various natural methods of birth control.

Suggest any two contraceptive methods which are very effective to avoid emergency pregnancy.