Functions of Medulla Oblongata : It is considered to be the most important part of the brain because all the involuntary activities of the body are controlled by this part, i.e. heart beat, respiratory rate, metabolism, hearing, balance, alimentary canal. The movement of peristalsis, the process of expansion and contraction of blood vessels, the secretion process of various cells and the process of swallowing food etc. are all under the control of this part. The eyes and muscles of the hind legs are also controlled by this part. Apart from this, this part also works as a transmission route for all inspirations between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord. Sneezing, cough, vomiting, yawning and swallowing etc. are also controlled.