Social Science LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)

Various domains of the environment are:

1. Lithosphere.
2. Atmosphere.
3. Hydrosphere.
4. Biosphere.
5. It is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It provides us forests, grasslands and land. It is a source of mineral wealth.
6. It is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consists of various gases, dust and water vapour.
7. It refers to various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. that exist on the earth.
8. Biosphere or the living world is comprised of plant and animal kingdom. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.

Lithosphere:

• It is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth.
• It is made up of rocks and minerals.
• It is covered by a thin layer of soil.
• It is an irregular surface with various landforms like mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys etc.
• Landforms spread over the continents and also on the ocean floors.

Lithosphere provides us the following:

• Forests.
• Grasslands for grazing.

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• Land for agriculture and
• Human settlements.
• It is also a source of mineral wealth.

Hydrosphere is the domain of water:

• It comprises various sources of water.
• The different types of water bodies like rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. are its major components.
• It is essential for all living organisms.

Major Components of environment are– Man-made, natural and Human beings.Major Components of the Environment:
Natural Components:

• Land (Lithosphere).
• Water (Hydrosphere).
• Air (Atmosphere).
• Living things (Organisms).

Human-made Components:

• Buildings.
• Parks.
• Bridges.
• Roads.
• Monuments.
• Industries.

Humans:

• Individuals
• Family
• Community
• Religion
• Education
• Economic
• Political situation

Examples of Human-made Environment:

• Buildings
• Parks
• Bridges
• Roads
• Monuments
• Industries

Four examples of man-made environment are following:-

1. Roads:- Urbanisation and industrialisation, followed by the development in transport sector. For the means of transportation, we need to build roads. So, roads are considered to be man-made environment which helps in the development of merchant trade and enhances the economy of the country.
2. Railways:- Another means of transportation is railways, needed for transporting travellers from one place to another and also freight. For the construction of laying down the railway line, lots of trees were cut, forests cleared and tunnels made through the mountains.
3. Communication:- For communication, information technology is developed and reaching all the domains– Earth, water, air and space. We need satellite service for the communication, which puts a major hindrance in natural environment.
4. Buildings:- Amongst the most important man-made environments are the buildings for residential purposes as well as for official purposes. Too much of human habitation has also affected the natural environment.

Humans learn new ways to use change environment:

1. They learn to grown crops, domesticated animals and lead a settled life.
2. The wheel was invented and surplus food was produced, barter system emerged trade and commerce started and developed.
3. Industrial revolution enabled large scale production.
4. Transportation became faster.
5. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.

Everything that exist in our surrounding is our environment. It is a combinations of naturals and human made phenomena that forms our basic life support system. it includes the natural environment relegates to the elements created by nature. lithosphere is the solid crust or the realm of land consting of rocks and minerals. Hydrosphere is the domain of water that comprises of rivers, lakes, seas and ocean. Atmosphere refers to the realm of air is narrow zone where land water and air interact to support life. It consists.of plant and animal life. Needs by man Made Environment relates to the elements made by human beings to suit their needs by man made things. This includes roads, building, bridges, vehicles, factories, farms, mines etc. Human environment consists of human beings themselves as an individual, a family, community and the whole society that interact in the form of Social, political, religions groups and effect each other's lives.