Social Science LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)

Shopping Complexes and Malls:

• There are other markets in urban areas.
• They have many shops, popularly called shopping complexes.
• These/ lays in many urban areas there are large multi-airconditioned buildings with shops on different floors.
• They are known as malls.
• In these urban markets, we get both branded and non-branded goods.
• They have restaurants and eating places.
• They have multilevel parking.
• They may have multiplex theatres.

• It took almost 20 minutes to weigh and pack all the groceries.
• Then Sujata showed her notebook.
• The woman noted an amount of ₹ 1550 in the notebook and gave it back.
• She also noted the amount in her big register book.
• With the heavy bags both moved out of the shop. Sujata's family shall make the payment for the purchases in the first week of the next month.

We do not see equality in the market. Big and powerful business persons earn huge profits while small traders earn very little. For example, the shop owners in a weekly market and those in a shopping complex are two different people. One is a small trader who has little money to run the shop. Whereas the other has a lot of money to spend on the shop. The earning of these two people is also unequal. The weekly market trader earn little profit whereas the shopping complex owner gains huge income.
Not only the shop owners are different people, but also the buyers. In the market we see different types of buyers There are several buyers who Eire not able to afford even the cheapest of goods white others are busy shopping different luxurious items in malls.
Thus, we see no equality in the market place.

1. Weekly markets are advantageous as products here are cheaper.
2. Almost all products such as vegetables, grocery, utensils, etc. are available at one place.
3. People do not have to go to different places to buy different products.
4. They get a variety and choice of products also.

• Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market.
• He buys clothes from a large trader in the town and sells them in six different markets in a week.
• He and other cloth sellers move in groups.
• They hire a mini-van for this.
• His customers are from villages that are near the market place.
• At festival times such as during Deepawali or pongal, he does good business.

• A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
• Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
• Traders set up shops for the day.
• They close them up in the evening.
• They set up at a different place the next day.
• There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.

• There are different market places where people buy and sell a variety of goods and services.
• All these markets are in a specific locality.
• They work in a particular manner and time.
• These days it is not always necessary to go to market to purchase goods.
• Orders can be placed for a variety of things through the phone and through the Internet.
• Goods are delivered at the customer's home.
• In clinics and nursing homes, sales representatives come to take order for supplying medicines.
• Sales representatives are also engaged in the selling of goods. Thus, buying and selling of goods takes place in different ways.

Things in a weekly market are cheaper because:

• Shopkeepers do not spend much in terms of rent for shop, electricity, wages to workers or packaging of goods.
• The sellers store goods at home and have vehicles to move around.
• Their family members help them to produce or sell goods.
• There are many sellers of the same product so, there is competition among them.
• In weekly markets people bargain to bring the prices down.

1. Goods are manufactured in factories, on farms and in homes.
2. The people in between, the producer and the final consumer are the traders.
3. The wholesaler traders buy goods in large quantities.
4. For instance, the vegetable wholesaler trader will not buy a few kilos of vegetables, but will buy in large quantities such as 25 to 100 kilos.
5. These goods are then sold to other traders. In these markets, buying and selling take place between traders. It is through these links of traders that goods reach faraway places.
6. The trader who finally sells it to the consumer is the retailer.
7. There could be a trader in a weekly market, a hawker in the neighbourhood or a shopkeeper in the shopping complex. This is how a chain of market is created.

1. Buying and selling of goods may not necessarily takes place in a market.
2. People can place orders for a variety of things on the phone or the Internet.
3. Markets exist at several places we may not be aware of.
4. This is because we buy a large number of goods and services that we don’t use directly.
5. For example, when we buy a TV, a number of things like its screen, body, wires, etc. may have come from elsewhere. But you get the final product, the television, in the shop.

• We can recognise markets easily.
• There are also such markets that we do not know.
• A large number of goods are bought and sold that we do not use directly.

Examples:

• A farmer uses fertilizers to grow crops.
• He purchases them from special shops in the city.
• These shops get them from factories.
• Likewise a car factory purchases engine, gears, petrol tanks, axles, wheels etc. from various other factories.
• We do not usually see all the buying and selling of these ancillaries but only the final product- the car in the showroom.
• The story is similar for any other good.

1. Both branded and non-branded goods are available in urban markets in shopping complexes and malls.
2. Branded goods are expensive, often promoted by advertising and claims of better quality.
3. The companies producing these products sell them through local shops in large urban markets and at times through special showrooms.
4. As compared to non-branded goods, fewer people can afford to buy branded ones.

Chain of markets has visible and invisible links:

• Wholesalers buy the products in bulk directly from the producers.
• Every city has areas with wholesale market from where the goods are supplied to other traders.
• Retailers buy goods in smaller quantities from the wholesalers and take them to different parts of the city.
• The road side hawkers further purchase these goods either from a wholesaler or a retailer to sell it in particular localities.
• Wholesale trader bought large quantity of goods from factory or producers and store them in godowns.
• In this way a chain of markets is set up through which the goods finally travel to reach us.
• Certain services are also sold like this e.g., representatives of various companies go to the retailers or sometimes directly to the consumer to sell their products.

Chain of Markets serves the following purposes:

• Factories and wholesalers need not find consumers of their goods.
• Several people get benefited.
• Consumers get goods of their needs in small quantities.
• They get goods from their nearby places, they do not need to walk long distances.
• Factories and wholesalers do not sell goods in small quantities. It saves time and energy of the factory owners and the wholesalers.