Social Science Question(1 Marks)

South India saw the rise of three powerful kingdoms:-

• The Pallavas.
• The Pandyas.
• The Cholas.

A great Arab poet al-Baruni wrote Kitab al-Hind.

The Cholas established a powerful empire in South India by Vijayalaya. They ruled in South India for over four centuries. Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra I were the most powerful rulers of Chola dynasty.

Vetti is a type of tax taken not in cash but in the form of forced labour.

Associations of traders were known as nagarams.

Ellora caves was built Rashtrakuta period.

Harichandra.

Association of traders.

The settlements of peaseants were called as 'ur'.

The tripartite sruggle was a long drawn conflict among the rulers of Gurjara- Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties for control over Kanauj.

Periyapuranam is a twelfth century Tamil work, which informs us about the lives of ordinary men and women.

Ganga Valley.

The best-known Chahamana ruler was Prithviraja III (1168-1192), who defeated an Afghan ruler named Sultan Muhammad Ghori in 1191, but lost to him the very next year, in 1192.

The larger units of the groups of ‘ur’ were called ‘nadu’.

Al-Biruni.

The traders paid revenue.

Kings often rewarded Brahmanas by grants of land. These were recorded on copper plates, which were given to those who received the land.

Gujarat.

Land gifted to Brahmanas was called brahmadeya.

Huge tank.

Rashtrakutas.

Tang dynasty was established in China in the 7th century and lasted till 10th century.

Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra.

An assembly of prominent Brahmanas that looked after brahmadeya was called 'sabha'.

Rajaraja I.

Dantidurga.

Rajendra Chola.

Ellora caves.

Kannauj.

Kashmir.

The land gifted to Brahmanas was called as 'brahmadeya'.

The larger units of the groups of 'ur' were called 'nadu'.

Kaveri.

Rajendra I.

Dantidurga was a Rashtrakuta chief who turned to be a kshatriya after performing a ritual known as hiranya- garbha.

An assembly of prominent Brahmana landholders who looked after brahmadeya was called sabha.

Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, a ruler of Afghanistan, destroyed the temple of Somnath.

Chief.

Karnataka.

It was composed by an author named Kalhana.

1191.

Rajendra I.

The Rashtrakutas rose to prominence in the 8th century under Dantidurg.

The Pallavas ruled around the areas of Kanchi. They were great builders of temple. The Cholas defeated the Pallavas and their rule ended in 9th century.

Settlements of peasants were known as ur.

This region lay between river Krishna and Narmada. It had some great dynasties are:-

• The Rashtrakutas.
• Hoysala.
• Kakatiyas.

By the seventh century there were big landlords or warrior chiefs in different regions of the subcontinent. Existing kings often acknowledged them as their subordinates or samantas.

They were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, be present at their courts and provide them with military support.

Dantidurga.

Araiyar means chief.