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Science questions in short. [3 marks ]

Coal and Petroleum · Bihar Board (BSEB) STD 8 (BSEB - English Medium). 19 questions.

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questions in short. [3 marks ]

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19 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 13 Marks
The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from $1991–1997$. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the $Y$-axis and the year on the $X$-axis.
S.No. Year Shortage (%)
$1$ $1991$ $7.9$
$2$ $1992$ $7.8$
$3$ $1993$ $8.3$
$4$ $1994$ $7.4$
$5$ $1995$ $7.1$
$6$ $1996$ $9.2$
$7$ $1997$ $11.5$
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Question 23 Marks
Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Answer
Fossil fuels require millions of years to form from the dead vegetation and animals that get buried deep inside the Earth. They require high temperature and pressure for their formation, which cannot be provided in the laboratory and their rate formation is very less in comparison to their rate of consumption so they will exhaust in near future due to current rate of consumption.
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Question 33 Marks
Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Answer
About $300$ million years ago, there were dense forests on the earth. As a result of natural disasters like floods these forests got buried under the soil. Eventually, layers of soil got deposited over them and compressed them. The high pressure and temperature over these buried forest converted them into coal. As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.
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Question 43 Marks
Coal reserves are said to be enough to last for another hundred years. Do you think we need to worry in such case? Why or why not?
Answer
Yes, the known resources of coal will last only for about $100$ years. Once the present stock of coal present in the earth gets exhausted, no new supplies of these fossil fuels will be available to us in the near future because it take millions of years to convert the dead organisms into fossil fuels in nature. So, coal should be used with care and caution and not wasted at all.
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Question 53 Marks
What is meant by exhaustible natural resources? Name any two exhaustible natural resources.
Answer
The resources which are present in a limited amount in nature are known as exhaustible natural resources. They can be exhausted by human activities. Examples of these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. Examples: Forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. It is, therefore, necessary that we use these fuels only when absolutely necessary. It took millions of years for the dead organisms to get converted into coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
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Question 63 Marks
Why are petrochemicals so important?
Answer
Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals’. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibers such as polyester, nylon, acrylic etc., polythene and other man-made plastics. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas is used in the production of fertilizers such as urea. Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.
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Question 73 Marks
Write the importance of petrochemicals.
Answer

Importance of petrochemicals are:
$i.$ They are used for the production of plastics, fibres, detergents etc.
$ii.$ They are used in the manufacture of ammonia and methanol.
$iii.$ They are considered as the important source for the production of chemicals which are used in industries.
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Question 83 Marks
Coal, petroleum and natural gas cannot be prepared in the laboratory. Why?
Answer
Coal, petroleum and natural gas cannot be prepared in the laboratory because: They are prepared at high temperature and pressure. They are formed from the remains of dead organisms. Their formation is a very slow process (take around $100$ million years to prepare). They are prepared in the absence of free oxygen (anaerobic). These all conditions are not available in the laboratory. Hence, coal, petroleum and natural gas cannot be prepared in the laboratory.
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Question 93 Marks
Which material is called ‘black gold’? Why?
Answer
Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals’. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres such as polyester, nylon, acrylic etc., polythene and other man-made plastics. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas, is used in the production of fertilisers such as urea. Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.
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Question 103 Marks
What steps would you suggest for the judicious use of fossil fuels?
Answer
$i.$ We should use fossil fuels only when absolutely necessary.
$ii.$ We can also use natural gas as a substitute. The reserves of natural gas discovered by us have gone up ten times within $20$ years.
$iii.$ Alternative sources of energy such as solar, wind and biomass should be used in place of fossil fuels.
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Question 113 Marks
Write the use of lubricating oil.
Answer
Uses of lubricating oil:
$i.$ It provides lubrication.
$ii.$ It reduces the friction between the two layers which are in contact.
$iii.$ It reduces corrosion in machines.
$iv.$ It also reduces the temperature of quickly$-$heating machines.
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Question 123 Marks
Sunlight and air are inexhaustible natural resources. Comment.
Answer
These resources are present in an unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. There is a never ending supply of these resources in nature. These resources can be used again and again. They last forever.
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Question 133 Marks
What are the advantages of using natural gas (or $CNG$) as a fuel?
Answer
$CNG$ is compressed natural gas. Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because it is easy to transport through pipes. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas ($CNG$). It is advantageous to use $CNG$ as a fuel because it is less polluting than petrol. It is a clean burning fuel. It produces $45\%$ less hydrocarbons than petrol. The great advantage of $CNG$ is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.
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Question 143 Marks
What are the advantages of using $LPG$ as fuel?
Answer
$LPG$ stands for liquified Petroleum Gas. It is used as fuel for home and industry. Advantages of using $LPG$ as a fuel is that it is non-toxic and reduces the interior pollution by $90\%$ as compared to other fuels such as coal or wood. The carbon dioxide emissions are very low. It is an economical fuel source. It burns very efficiently, with very low combustion emissions and does not create black smoke.
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Question 153 Marks
$\text{CNG}$ is non$-$polluting fuel commonly used nowadays. Is it correct?
Answer
Yes, $\text{CNG} ($compressed natural gas$)$ is non$-$polluting fuel commonly used nowadays.
It is because:
$i.$ It is an eco$-$friendly fuel than petrol or diesel.
$ii.$ It is a cleaner fuel.
$iii.$ It is safer than other fuels.
$iv.$ It is most preferred for the generation of electricity.
$v.$ It can be used directly for burning at homes and homes where it can be supplied through pipes.
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Question 163 Marks
What are the products obtained on fraction distillation of coal tar?
Answer
The products obtained on fraction distillation of coal tar are:
Synthetic Dyes.
Drugs.
Explosives.
Paints and perfumes.
Plastic balls.
Roofing materials.
Naphthalene balls.
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Question 173 Marks
What are the constituents of coal gas? State one use of coal gas.
Answer
Coal gas is a product of coal. It is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke. Coal gas contains a variety of gases like hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and some volatile hydrocarbons. It also contains small quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. It is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plants.
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Question 183 Marks
What are petrochemicals? Name two petrochemicals.
Answer
Petrochemicals are the chemical substances which are derived from petroleum and natural gas. These are used in the manufacture of detergents and fibres. These are also used for making polythene and man-made plastics. Methane and hydrogen are two petrochemicals.
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Question 193 Marks
Write about the extraction of coal.
Answer
About $300$ million years ago, the earth has dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to flooding, these forests get buried and compressed under the soil. The temperature also increases as they go deeper and deeper Due to the high pressure and temperature, dead plants slowly converted into coal.
Coal which is formed contains high carbon content, the slow process of conversion of dead remains into coal is called carbonisation.
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questions in short. [3 marks ] - Science STD 8 Questions - Vidyadip