Social Science VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Mineral-based industries use raw materials like mineral ores. For example, heavy machinery made from iron, building materials and railway coaches are mineral-based industries.

Private Sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or group of individuals.
For example, Reliance Industries.

Sakchi was chosen for various reasons. It was close to the Kalimati Railway Station. It was also close to iron ore, coal and manganese deposits. Kolkata, a source of large market, was not faraway. Jharia coal fields, and limestone, dolomite, limestone and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh were easily accessible. The nearby rivers (Kharkai and Subamarekha) provided sufficient water supply.

On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

Difference between public sector and joint sector industry.

S.No.	Public sector industry	Joint sector industry
1.	The public sector industries are owned and operated by the government.	Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
2.	Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, and Steel Authority of India Limited	Example: Maruti Udyog Limited.

Marine-based industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. For example, industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.

Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government. For example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited.

Several textile mills have closed down. This is primarily due to emergence of new textile centres in the country as well as non upgradation of machines and technology in the mills of Ahmedabad.

The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by other industries, such as iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement.

The warm, moist climate, port for importing machinery, availability of raw material and skilled labour resulted in rapid expansion of the textile industry in Mumbai.

On the basis of raw materials being used, industries may be classified as agrobased, mineral- based, marine- based and forest- based depending on the type of raw material they use.

1. Small-scale Industries: They use lesser amount of capital and technology. Cottage or household industries are a type of small-scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand or by the artisans. e.g. Basket weaving, pottery and other handicrafts.
2. Large-scale Industries: Produce large volumes of products. Investment of capital is higher and technology used is superior in large-scale industries. e.g. Production of automobiles and heavy machines.

Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
For example, Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy.

Difference between agro-based and mineral based industry.

S.No.	Agro-based industry	Mineral based industry
1.	Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials.	Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials.
2.	Example: Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries	Example: Iron and steel industries.

The classification of industries is as follows:

1. On the basis of raw materials.
2. On the basis of size.
3. On the basis of ownership.

Small-scale industries run on small capital and infrastructure and where all the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. For example, basket weaving, pottery and other handicrafts.

Large-scale industries run on higher amount of capital invested and use of superior technology. For example, production of automobiles and heavy machinery.

The term ‘industry’ refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods (e.g., iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (e.g., coal mining industry) or provision of services (e.g., tourism industry).

Agro-based industries use plant and animal based products as their inputs. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries.

Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state as well as individuals or a group of individuals.
For example, Maruti Udyog Limited, Bharti Aluminium Company Limited.

The production of hand woven cotton textile was expensive and time consuming. Hence, traditional cotton textile industry could not face the competition from the new textile mills of the West, which produced cheap and good quality fabrics.