Science Do as directed; [1 M ]

Calcium Carbonate is present in marble that reacts with acids of acid rain. Acids react with calcium compounds to create gypsum which later flakes off.

Fresh water is obtained from underground water reservoirs and Rivers for human use.

Regions of north eastern India and Western ghats are rich in diversity. Western ghats start near border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, running through states of Goa, Karnataka, kerala and Tamil nadu ending at Kanyakumari. These are listed in hot-spots of biological diversity in the world.

Rain gauge is a device used to collect and measure the amount of rain that falls.

Sewage refers to waste and excrement of humans that is carried in sewers by municipal drains.

Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses do not have the capacity to carry excess water. In coastal areas, water inundation can be caused by a storm surge as a result of a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher than normal river levels.

Bacteria and E. Coli in Water. Bacteria are common single-celled organisms and are a natural component of lakes, rivers, and streams.

Detritus refers to organic matter produced by decomposition of organisms. Usually dead remains of plants and animals are detritus.

Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a functional unit comprising all the organisms in a particular place interacting with one another and with their environment, and interconnected by an ongoing flow of energy and a cycling of materials. An ecosystem results from the interactions of abiotic (soil, water, light, inorganic nutrients and weather), biotic (plants, animals, and microorganisms usually categorized as either producers or consumers), and cultural (anthropogenic) components.

Air is called the breath of life because it contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is used by plants to produce food and release oxygen. Oxygen is breathed in by human beings and animals to sustain life.

Mathura refinery releases toxic gases (like oxides of sulphur) which causes acid rain and hence corrosion of the marbles of Taj Mahal.

Global warming refers to an increase in earth’s temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.

Air currents coming from Allahabad would be directed westwards after it is intercepted by Himalaya in north due to creation of low pressure.

Resources are supply of materials that can be transformed to obtain benefit by either consuming or using.

Biosphere is living mantle of Earth which constitutes all the life forms of the planet.

Water harvesting is collection and storage of mostly rainwater into tanks or reservoirs before the water is driven away by surface runoff.

In root nodules nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria are present which fixes atmospheric nitroge thereby increasing soil fertility.

2. Carbon monoxide has more affinity for hemoglobin because it displaces oxygen and quickly binds, thus allowing very little oxygen to be transported through body cells.

Rainwater is collected and stored into reservoirs before the rain water is lost through runoff process. This process is known as rainwater harvesting.

Dust particles present in the atmosphere forms nuclei for condensation of water vapour in atmosphere. The water vapour condense around these dust particles that further result in precipitation.

Rhizobium, blue green algae.

Air is composed of a mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also contains water vapours and suspended dust particles.

Inexhaustible resources are those resources that are available in abundance and cannot be exhausted ever. Eg- Air is an inexhaustible resource.

Conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia is called as ammonification.

Air is a mixture of gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour that occurs in the atmosphere.

self study

Lichens are sensitive to Sulphur dioxide component present in air. These compounds readily dissolve in water and produce highly reactive acidic ions which disrupt photosynthesis.

Rainwater harvesting is collection and storage of rainwater into tanks or reservoirs before the water is driven away by surface run off.

Soil erosion is defined as blowing away of land surface i.e. soil by wind or water.

Processes occurring over shorter periods include photosynthesis, respiration, air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide and humus accumulation in soils. However, it is the long-term carbon cycle, occurring over millions of years, that is of interest when considering the origin of fossil fuels.

Incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels like gasoline, natural gas, oil, coal etc produces carbon monoxide.

If nitrogen fixation does not take place it will disturb the nitrogen cycle. Plants will not grow if all the nitrogen from the soil is exhausted as they will not get nitrogen from the soil to grow thus creating a barren landscape. Entire food chain will be disturbed as herbivores will not have plants to eat so they will die and in turn carnivores will die because they won’t have any herbivores to feed on. If all the carnivores will die in an ecosystem, humans will also not get food, neither products from plants nor food from animal flesh.

Full form of uv rays is ultra violet. Harmful effects of uv rays are:

1. It burns our skin.
2. It's very harmful for our body.
3. It can also lead to skin cancer.
4. Because of uv rays, the marble of Taj Mahal are turning black.

Lichens release chemical substances to break the rocks into smaller particles and hence make soil.

The topmost layer of earth’s crust that supports life forms is known as soil. Soil decides the diversity of soil in a area.

Air pollution is defined as introduction of unwanted, harmful substances/ molecules into the atmosphere that harms the life forms on earth.

Carbon dioxide is the major green house gas responsible for causing global warming as it traps infrared radiations which in turn causes the earth’s temperature to rise thus causing global warming.

Certain bacteria such as Azotobacter (occur freely in the soil) and Rhizobium (occur in root nodules of leguminous plants as pea, gram, bean, etc), convert the atmospheric nitrogen into water soluble nitrates. The process of biofixation of nitrogen is called as nitrogen fixation.

Due to the presence of the himalayas, areas of low pressure develops in north and northwest parts of India. Becuase of this winds from sea (high pressure area) begin to blow towards the land masses (low pressure area). So, a shift in the development of monsoon trough or low pressure trough along with the change of season is the main reason for the change of the flow of wind blowing from Allahabad towards the north.

In coastal areas, air from high pressure area over land rushes to fill the area over low pressure area of water i.e. from land to sea.

4. If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

Explanation:
The environmental problems like global warming, acid rain, air pollution, urban sprawl, waste disposal, ozone layer depletion, water pollution, climate change and many more affect every human, animal and nation on this planet. Here are 25 of the most important environmental concerns to keep an eye on today.