50 questions · auto-graded multiple-choice test.
Smallpox is a serious, contagious viral infectious caused by the variola virus. It was completely eradicated in $1980$ through a global immunization campaign led by the World Health Organization.
Disease is a condition that affects the normal functioning of body or mind of an individual. It affects one or more of the organ systems whose cause may be known or unknown.
Hepatitis is a disease in which the liver becomes enlarged. The symptom of the disease is the yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, as condition referred to a jaundice. The yellowing is because of the presence of excessive bilirubin (a bile pigment) in the blood.
Viral hepatitis is caused by different strains of the hepatitis virus and the hepatitis caused is named after it. Thus we have, hepatitis. $A$ to hepatitis - $G,$ named after the strains $A, B, C, D, E, F$ and $G.$ Some of these strains $($e.g., hepatitis - $A)$ get transmitted through contaminated food or water. Other, $($e.g., hepatitis - $B)$ get transmitted through blood, semen, saliva and breast milk.
Airborne diseases are characterized by diseases that are transmitted through the air via the presence of a pathogen.
These pathogens can include both viruses and bacteria that are spread by coughing, sneezing, laughing, or through personal contact.
Many types of infections can be a result of airborne transmission- common cold, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, etc.
Cholera and typhoid are waterborne diseases. $AIDS$ is a sexually transmitted disease.
$AIDS ($Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome$)$ is a syndrome caused by a virus called $HIV ($Human Immunodeficiency Virus$).$
Malaria is caused by a protozoan Plasmodium. Influenza is caused by $RNA$ virus, $AIDS$ is caused by $HIV$ and cholera is caused by bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
A swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland is called a goitre.
In $2005,$ the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Marshall and Robin Warren, his long-time collaborator, "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease".
Sexually transmitted diseases $(STDs)$ are caused by infections that are passed from one person to another during sexual contact. These infections often do not cause any symptoms. Medically, infections are only called diseases when they cause symptoms. That is why $STDs$ are also called "sexually transmitted infections." But it’s very common for people to use the terms "sexually transmitted diseases" or $"STDs,"$ even when there are no signs of disease.
Tuberculosis $(TB)$ is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis$(MTB).$ Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active $TB$ in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.
Health of an individual depends on himself, his environment and the society in which he lives. On the other hand, disease is the abnormality in the body functioning of the individual.