Social Science Question(1 Marks)

The monsoon is considered a unifying bond because:

• The Indian landscape, its flora and fauna, etc. are highly influenced by the monsoon.
• These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water for agricultural activities.
• Most of the festivals in India that are related to agricultural cycle may be known by different names in different parts of the country, but their celebration is decided by the monsoon.
• Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon.

ENSO is the combination of El Nino and southern oscillation. The changes in pressure conditions are connected to El Nino, hence the phenomenon is referred to as ENSO.

India lies in the regions of north easterly winds.

Sudden change in temperature with the South-East winds cause tropical cyclones on the coastline of Tamil Nadu.

1. Latitude.
2. Altitude.
3. Pressure and wind system.
4. Distance from the sea.
5. Ocean currents.
6. Relief features.

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds Trade winds have been used by captains of sailing ships to cross the world's oceans.

In some parts of Rajasthan the highest temperature is 50°C and it is around-45°C at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir.

The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

Loo: Uttarpradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan.

Maswsynram and Cherrapunji.

Thunderstorms are called Kaal Baisakhi in West Bengal.

It is an apparent force caused by earth’s rotation. Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere.

El Nino is a warm current which replaces the Peruvian cold current in summer.

Kaal Baisakhi: West Bengal, Assam.

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.

Western region of Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, Barmer receives low rainfall.

Jet streams are a narrow belt of high attitude (above 12,000m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110km hr in summer to about 184km/ hr in winter.

An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jetstream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

Coastal areas experience less seasonal contrasts in temperature conditions.

The found tropical climate in India.

The elements affecting the climate are Latitude, Altitude and Pressure & Winds, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents and relief features.

Mango showers: Karnataka, Kerala.

SO means Southern Oscillation. Normally when the tropical eastern South Pacific ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure. This periodic change in pressure conditions is known as Southern Oscillation.

The north-eastern part of India receives the maximum rainfall during the rainy season.

Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than 30 years).

Mango showers are the pre-monsoon showers taking place on the coast of Kerala and Karnataka. Since they help in the early ripening of mangoes, they are called Mango showers.

Malabar Coast gets rains from South-West Monsoon Winds.

Equable type of climate is found close to the sea.

Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.

The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. These are 'breaks' in monsoon.

The Indian desert located in the north-western part of India experience the highest diurnal range of temperature because of the sand present there quickly becomes hot during day and cools down rapidly during night.

Temperate cyclones/ Westerly depression: Punjab, Uttarakhand.

The North West region and part of Ladakh receives less rainfall.

Winter rainfall is locally known as mahawat.

Mango showers are common in Kerala and Karnataka. These showers help in the early ripening of mangoes.

Around the time of the monsoon's arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues constantly for several days. This is known as the 'burst' of the monsoon.

It means Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. It is a broad trough of low pressure in equatorial latitude. This is where northeast and southeast trade winds converge.

1. Clear sky.
2. Low temperature and low humidity.

The Thar Desert experiences the highest range of temperature in a day.

The Tamil Nadu coast gets maximum rainfall in October and November.

The weather of the north and north western regions of India is influenced by western cyclonic disturbances.

The thunderstorms are associated with violent winds, torrential downpours, often accompanied by hail.

The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) is the imaginary line which divides India into almost two equal north and south parts.

In peninsular India, temperature remains lower due to the moderating influence of the oceans.

Mawsynram in the southern region of Khasi hills in Meghalaya, receives the highest average rainfall in the world.

India have a monsoon type of climate because the climate of India is governed by the monsoon winds which are limited between 20° North and 20° South.

India’s climate is described as ‘Monsoon Type’ climate.

1. Andhra Pradesh.
2. Tamil Nadu.

The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry.