Answer the questions.[Che-1M]

Question 11 Mark

Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions:
C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₂ and CH₄.

Answer

Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. Being unsaturated hydrocarbons, C₃H₆ and C₂H₂ undergo addition reactions.

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Question 21 Mark

What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?

Answer

The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydrocarbon is called hydrogenation.
Application: Vegetable oils are hydrogenated to form vegetable ghee (or vanasapati ghee).

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Question 31 Mark

What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?

Answer

Since soap is basic in nature, it will turn red litmus blue. However, the colour of blue litmus will remain blue.

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Question 41 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the 2^nd and 3^rd member of the homologous series where the first member is ethyne.

Answer

The molecular formula of the 2^nd member of the homologous series is C₃H₄ and the 3^rd member of the homologous series is C₄H₆ whose first member is ethyne.

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Question 51 Mark

Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.

Answer

The compound is butanal and the structure is represented by the following chemical structure:

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{O} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \text{||} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H}$

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Question 61 Mark

Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of butane, C₄H₁₀.

Answer

Total number of bonds in Butane (C₄H₁₀) = 13

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

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Question 71 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the 2^nd and 3^rd member of the homologous series whose first member is ethene.

Answer

The molecular formula of the 2^nd member of the homologous series is C₃H₆ and the 3^rd member of the homologous series is C₄H₈ whose first member is ethene.

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Question 81 Mark

Write the name and structure of an alcohol with four carbon atoms in its molecule.

Answer

Butanol ; CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂OH

Alternate Answer

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{O} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

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Question 91 Mark

Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, C₃H₈.

Answer

The number of covalent bonds in the molecule of propane, C₃H₈ is 10.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{C} {-} \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Propane}$

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Question 101 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the 2^nd and the 3^rd member of the homologous series whose first member is methane.

Answer

The molecular formula of the 2^nd member of the homologous series is C₂H₆ and the 3^rd member of the homologous series is C₃H₈ whose first member is methane.

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Question 111 Mark

Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane.

Answer

The numbers of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane are seven.

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Question 121 Mark

Name two salts each of calcium and magnesium which make the water hard?

Answer

These salts are:

Calcium chloride- $\text{CaCl}_{2}$ Magnesium chloride- $\text{MgCl}_{2}$.
Calcium sulphate- $\text{CaSO}_{4}$ Magnesium sulphate- $\text{MgSO}_{4}$.

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Question 131 Mark

Write the name and formula of the second member of the carbon compounds having functional group-OH.

Answer

The name of the formula of the second member of the carbon compounds having functional group -OH is ethanol i.e. C₂H₅OH.

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Question 141 Mark

Draw the structure for ethanoic acid molecule, CH₃COOH.

Answer

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \text{H}{-}\text{C}{-}\text{C}{-}\text{O}-\text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ |} \ \ \ \ \text{||} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \text{O}$

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Question 151 Mark

Which compounds are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer?

Answer

Methane (CH₄), Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and Water vapor (H₂O) are the other gases than CFC_S (Chloro flouro carbons) those have impact on the depletion of ozone layer.

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Question 161 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group.

Answer

The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group.

Are follow, CH₃COCH₃, CH₃COC₂H₅

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Question 171 Mark

What is a homologous series of carbon compounds?

Answer

A Homologous series is the family of organic compound having the same functional group ,and the successive (adjacent) members of which differ by CH₂ unit or 14 mass unit.

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Question 181 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series whose functional group is –CHO.

Answer

The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group – HCO are HCOH, CH3COH.

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Question 191 Mark

Write the name and molecular formula of the fourth member of alkane series.

Answer

The fourth member of the alkane series is butane C₄H₁₀.

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Question 201 Mark

Write the molecular formula of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group -COOH.

Answer

The molecular formulas of the first two members of the homologous series having functional group –COOH are HCOOH, CH₃COOH

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Question 211 Mark

Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why?

Answer

Carbon shows catenation property. This is because of the 4 valence electrons present in outer shell.

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Question 221 Mark

Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –OH.

Answer

The molecular formula for two consecutive members of this series is:
CH₃OH (Methanol)
C₂H₅OH (Ethanol).

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Question 231 Mark

Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following:
C₃H₆ ; C₅H₁₀ ; C₄H₁₀ ; C₆H₁₄ ; C₂H₄

Answer

Among the given hydrocarbons, only alkanes are saturated.
Alkanes have a general formula, C_nH_2n+2.
Among the given hydrocarbons, the ones that follow the above mentioned general formula are as follows:

C₄H₁₀ (n = 4)
C₆H₁₄ (n = 6)

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Question 241 Mark

Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general formula C_nH_2n-2.

Answer

Second member of the homologous series having formula C_nH_2n-2 is Ethyne. Molecular formula - C₂H₂

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Question 251 Mark

Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –Br.

Answer

The molecular formulas of first two members of homologous series having functional group -Br are CH₃Br, C₂H₅Br.

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Question 261 Mark

Name the following compounds:

$\text{CH}_{3} - \text{CH}_{2} - \text{OH}\ ;$
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {|}\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C} = \text{O}$

Answer

Ethanol.
Ethanal.

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Question 271 Mark

Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –Cl.

Answer

CH₃Cl and C₂H₅Cl are the first two members of homologous series having functional group –Cl.

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Question 281 Mark

Write the next homologue of each of the following:

C₂H₄.
C₄H₆.

Answer

The next homologue of C₂H₄ (ethene) is C₃H₆ (propene).
The next homologue of C₄H₆ (butyne) is C₅H₈ (pentyne).

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Question 291 Mark

Write the name and formula of the 2^nd member of homologous series having general formula C_nH_2n.

Answer

Alkene series has the general formula of C_nH_2n. Propene is the second member of the alkene family and has C₃H₆ as the molecular formula.

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Question 301 Mark

Which class of chemicals is linked to the decrease in the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere of the earth?

Answer

The depletion of ozone layer is due to the use of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons.

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Question 311 Mark

Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compounds:

$\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{C}{\ell}$
$\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{5}\text{OH}$

Answer

Halo/ Halogen/ Chloro.
Alcohol.

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Question 321 Mark

Why did United Nations act to control the production of chlorofluoro-carbons (CFCs) used in refrigerators?

Answer

Chlofluoro carbons are responsible for the depletion ozone layer. Due to depletions of ozone layer, UV radiation reaches the earth. These UV radiations cause skin cancer, damage to eyes and immune system. Therefore, United Nations tried to freeze CFC production.

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Question 331 Mark

How many covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane, $\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{6}$?

Answer

There are 7 covalent bonds in a molecule of ethane.

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Question 341 Mark

State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a large number of carbon compounds.

Answer

The two characteristics are:

Tetravalency: Tetra stands for 4 and valent stands for valency.
Catenation: catenation means self bonding and the formation of long chains.

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Question 351 Mark

Name a cyclic unsaturated carbon compound.

Answer

Cyclopentene Or Benzene.

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Question 361 Mark

Name the functional group present in propanone.

Answer

$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11\\ \text{Ketone}/\ \ \ \ \ \text{-C-}$

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Question 371 Mark

You are provided with as organic compound having the molecular formula, C₂H₆. Give the name and formula of the compound formed when:

One H atom of C₂H₆ is replaced by a COOH group.

Answer

C₂H₅COOH- propanoic acid

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Question 381 Mark

You are provided with as organic compound having the molecular formula, C₂H₆. Give the name and formula of the compound formed when:

One H atom of C₂CH₆ is replaced by a OH group.

Answer

C₂CH₅OH- Acetone Molar Mass

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Question 391 Mark

Write two characteristics of homologous series.

Answer

Characteristics of homologous series:

Each member of a homologous series differ from its consecutive member by CH₂.
Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by 14amu.
They contain same functional group.

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Question 401 Mark

Write the two examples of the crystalline form of carbon.

Answer

In the crystalline form of carbon, many atoms are bonded together in a repeating pattern. The arrangement of atoms in the crystal differs for each form of carbon. Two forms are:

Diamond:

Diamond is a form of carbon in which each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. This forms a strong, rigid, three-dimensional structure . Diamond is the hardest natural substance.

Graphite:

Graphite is a form of crystalline carbon in which each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are arranged in layers, with strong bonds within each layer but only weak bonds between layers. The weak bonds between layers allow the layers to slide over one another, so graphite is relatively soft and slippery. This makes it useful as a lubricant.

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Question 411 Mark

Write the structural formula of propyne.

Answer

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|}\\ \text{H} - \text{C}- \text{C}\equiv \text{C}-\text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{}| \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

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Question 421 Mark

Write the structural formula of propene.

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Question 431 Mark

Write the structural formula of butane.

Answer

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|}\\ \text{H} - \text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

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Question 441 Mark

Write the names of the following compound.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}=\text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

Answer

Heptanal.

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Question 451 Mark

Write the names of the following compound.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{OH}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \text{H}$

Answer

Pentanol.

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Question 461 Mark

Write the names of the following compound.

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}\equiv\text{C}-\text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\ \ \ \ \ \ |\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$

Answer

Butyne.

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Question 471 Mark

Write the names of any two isomers represented by the molecular formula C₅H₂.

Answer

Isopentane and neopentane.

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Question 481 Mark

Write the name and formula of an organic compound containing a ketone functional group.

Answer

Acetone: CH₃COCH₃