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Science [1 Mark Questions]

Carbon and its Compounds · CBSE STD 10 (CBSE - English Medium). 276 questions.

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[1 Mark Questions]

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Question 11 Mark
What happens when (give chemical equation):
Sodium reacts with ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
Answer
When sodium reacts with ethanol (Ethyl alcohol), hydrogen gas is evolved.
$2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}+2\text{Na}\rightarrow2\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{O}^{-}\text{Na}^++\text{H}_2.$
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Question 21 Mark
Which of the following molecule is called buckminsterfullerene?$\text{C}_{90}\text{C}_{60}\text{C}_{70}\text{C}_{20}$
Answer
${C}_{60}$ is called buck minster fullerene.
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Question 31 Mark
Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place during the burning of ethanol in air.
Answer
$\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}+3\text{O}_2\xrightarrow[{(\text{Burning})}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Combution}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\}2\text{CO}_2+3\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{Heat}+\text{Light}$
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Question 41 Mark
What happens when carbon burns in air? Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place.
Answer
When carbon is burned in air, it forms carbon dioxide gas and releases a large amount of heat and some light:
$C + O _2 \rightarrow CO _2+$ Heat + Light.
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Question 61 Mark
Give the common name and IUPAC name of the simplest aldehyde.
Answer
Common name: Formaldehyde.
IUPAC name: Methanal.
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Question 71 Mark
What happens when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate? Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer
Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium ethanote and carbon dioxide.
$2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}+\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3\rightarrow2\text{CH}_3\text{COONa}+\text{CO}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
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Question 81 Mark
What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at $170^{\circ} C$ ? Write the equation of the reaction which takes place.
Answer
When ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at $170^{\circ} C$, it gets dehydrated to form ethene.
$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\xrightarrow[ {(\text{Dehydration})}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons.}\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4;170^\circ\text{C}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \\ \ \ }\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
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Question 91 Mark
Write the structural formula of butane.
Answer
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|}\\ \text{H} - \text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 111 Mark
Complete the following equations:
  1. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\xrightarrow[{170}^\circ\text{C}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons}.\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\}$
  2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CO}\text{OH}+\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\xrightarrow[{}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons}.\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }$
Answer
  1. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}\xrightarrow[{170}^\circ\text{C}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons}.\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \\}\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
  2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CO}\text{OH}+\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}\xrightarrow[{}]{{ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Cons}.\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \\}\text{CH}_3\text{COO}\text{C}_2\text{H}_5+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
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Question 121 Mark
What is the advantage of detergents over soaps for washing clothes ?Also state one disadvantage.
Answer
Advantage: Detergents can be used even with hard water and have stronger cleaning action.

Disadvantage: Detergents are not biodegradable and hence cause water pollution.
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Question 131 Mark
State any two uses of esters.
Answer
Uses of esters:
  1. Esters are used in making artificial flavours and essences. These are used in cold drinks, ice-creams, sweets and perfumes.
  2. Esters are used as solvents for oils, fats, gums, resins, cellulose, paints, varnishes, etc.
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Question 141 Mark
Why is diamond used for making cutting tools (like glass cutters) but graphite is not?
Answer
Diamond used for making cutting tools but graphite is not because diamond is a very hard substance and graphite is a soft substance.
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Question 151 Mark
What happens when methane (natural gas) burns in air? Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer
Carbon dioxide and water vapour are formed when methane burns in air.
$\text{CH}_4+2\text{O}_2\rightarrow\text{CO}_2+2\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{Heat}+\text{Light} $
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Question 161 Mark
Name the scientist who disproved the ‘vital force theory’ for the formation of organic compounds.
Answer
Friedrich Wohler.
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Question 181 Mark
Name the functional group present in an organic compound which gives brisk effervescence with $NaHCO _3$.
Answer
Carboxylic acid group, - COOH gives brisk effervescence with $NaHCO _3$.
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Question 201 Mark
Would you be able to check whether water is hard by using a detergent? Why?
Answer
No, we would not be able to check the hardness of water by using a detergent because a detergent forms lather easily even with hard water.
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Question 211 Mark
What is added to groundnut oil when it is to be converted to vanaspati ghee?
Answer
Hydrogen is added to groundnut oil when it is to be converted to vanaspati ghee.
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Question 221 Mark
Write the formulae of:
  1. Methanoic acid.
  2. Ethanoic acid.
Answer
a. Methanoic acid: HCOOH
b. Ethanoic acid: $CH _3 COOH$
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Question 231 Mark
What is the general name of the organic compounds containing the $ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\ \ \ \ \ \text{||}\\-\text{C} \ -$ group?
Answer
The general name for the organic compounds comprising -CO- is ketones.
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Question 261 Mark
What is the atomic number of carbon. Write its electronic configuration.
Answer
The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration is 2, 4.
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Question 271 Mark
Write the molecular formula of the third member of the homologous series of carbon compounds with general formula $C _n H _{2 n+1} OH$.
Answer
$C_3 H_7 OH$
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Question 281 Mark
What happens when methane reacts with chlorine? Give equation of the reaction which takes place.
Answer
Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. This reaction is called substitution reaction.
$\text{CH}_4+\text{Cl}_2\xrightarrow[{ }]{{ \ \ \ \ \text{Sunlight}}\ \ \ \ \ \\ \ }\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}+\text{HCl}$
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Question 291 Mark
State one advantage of soaps over detergents.
Answer
Soaps are biodegradable whereas detergents are non-biodegradable.
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Question 301 Mark
What happens when vegetable oils are hydrogenated? Name the catalyst used.
Answer
On hydrogenation, the liquid vegetable oils change into solid fat (vanasapati ghee). Nickel or palladium can be used as the catalyst.
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Question 311 Mark
What is meant by catenation? Name two elements which exhibit the property of catenation.
Answer
The property of self combination of carbon atoms to form long chains is called catenation. Carbon and Silicon exhibit the property of catenation.
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Question 321 Mark
Name the product formed when hydrogen is added to ethene.
Answer
Ethane is formed when hydrogen is added to ethene.
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Question 331 Mark
Give the common names and IUPAC names of the following compounds:
  1. HCOOH
  2. $CH _3 COOH$
Answer
Formula
IUPAC name
Comman name
HCOOH
Methanoic acid
Formic acid
$CH _3 COOH$
Ethanoic aicd
Acetic acid
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Question 351 Mark
Write the structural formula of propyne.
Answer
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|}\\ \text{H} - \text{C}- \text{C}\equiv \text{C}-\text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{}| \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}$
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Question 381 Mark
What happens when ethanol is oxidised with alkaline potassium permanganate (or acidified potassium dichromate)? Write the equation of the reaction involved.
Answer
When ethanol is oxidised with alkaline potassium permanganate (or acidified potassium dichromate), it gets oxidised to form ethanoic acid.
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Question 391 Mark
Name two catalysts which can be used in the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds.
Answer
Nickel or palladium can be used as catalyst in the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds.
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Question 401 Mark
Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
Answer
Carbon forms covalent bonds because it can achieve the inert gas electron arrangement only by sharing of electrons.
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Question 411 Mark
What is the next higher homologue of methanol $\left( CH _3 OH \right)$ ?
Answer
Ethanol $\left( C _2 H _5 OH \right)$
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Question 431 Mark
The general formula of a homologous series of carbon compounds is $C _n H _{2 n}$. Write the molecular formulae of the second and fourth members of the series.
Answer
Second member: $C _3 H _6$
Fourth member: $C _3 H _{10}$
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Question 441 Mark
Select the hydrocarbons which are members of the same homologous series. Give the name of each series.
$C_5 H_{10}, C_3 H_8, C_6 H_{10}, C_4 H_{10}, C_7 H_{12}, C_8 H_{16}$
Answer
Alkanes: $C _3 H _8, C _4 H _{10}$ Alkenes: $C _5 H _{10}, C _8 H _{16}$
Alkynes: $C _6 H _{10}, C _7 H _{12}$
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Question 451 Mark
Draw the structure of butanoic acid.
Answer
$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{||}\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{OH}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{|}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H} \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Butanoic acid}$
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Question 461 Mark
What substance should be oxidised to prepare $CH _3 COOH$ ?
Answer
Ethanol, $CH _3 CH _2 OH$ should be oxidised to prepare $CH _3 COOH$.
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Question 471 Mark
Give one example of a hydrocarbon, other than pentane, having more than three isomers.
Answer
Hexane, $C _6 H _{14}$
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Question 481 Mark
What is the molecular formula and structure of the alcohol which can be thought to be derived from pentane ?
Answer
$C _5 H _{12} O$ or $C _5 H _{11} OH$
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Question 501 Mark
What change will you observe if you test soap solution with a litmus paper (red and blue)? Give reason for your observation.
Answer
Red litmus paper turns blue in soap solution and no change occurs on blue litmus paper because soap is basic in nature.
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[1 Mark Questions] - Science STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip