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Science M.C.Q

Heredity and Evolution · CBSE STD 10 (CBSE - English Medium). 25 questions.

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25 questions · timed · auto-graded

MCQ 11 Mark
A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because:
  • ✓
    Tallness is the dominant trait.
  • B
    Shortness is the dominant trait.
  • C
    Tallness is the recessive trait.
  • D
    Height of pea plant is not governed by gene ‘T’ or ‘t’.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Tallness is the dominant trait.

According to law of dominance, a trait is represented by two contrasting factors of a gene in a heterozygous individual; the allele/ factor that can express itself in heterozygous individual is called as dominant trait. The other factor whose effect is masked by presence of dominant factor, is called recessive factor.

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MCQ 21 Mark
From the list given below, select the character which can be acquired but not inherited:
  • A
    Colour of eye.
  • B
    Colour of skin.
  • ✓
    Size of body.
  • D
    Nature of hair.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Size of body.

Environmentally determined traits are acquired. Size of body depends on nutritional status, health conditions etc.

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MCQ 31 Mark
Select the correct statement:
  • A
    Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous.
  • B
    Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous.
  • C
    Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous.
  • ✓
    Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous.
Answer
Correct option: D.
Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous.

Homologous organs perform different functions and have different appearance but share common basic structural plan and origin. Analogous organs perform similar function and have similar appearance but have different basic structure and origin.

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MCQ 41 Mark
Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes :
  1. Genes are specific sequence of bases in a $\text{DNA}$ molecule.
  2. A gene does not code for proteins.
  3. In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome.
  4. Each chromosome has only one gene.
  • A
    $(i)$ and $(ii).$
  • ✓
    $(i)$ and $(iii).$
  • C
    $(i)$ and $(iv).$
  • D
    $(ii)$ and $(iv).$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$(i)$ and $(iii).$
Genes are stretches of $\text{DNA}$ located on specific locus on a particular chromosome in individuals of a given species.
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MCQ 51 Mark
A zygote which has an $X-$chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a:
  • A
    Boy.
  • ✓
    Girl.
  • C
    $X-$chromosome does not determine the sex of a child.
  • D
    Either boy or girl.
Answer
Correct option: B.
Girl.
 As $X-$chromosome from the father will mate the $X-$chromosome of the mother resulting in $XX-$chromosome of the child as $23^{rd}$ pair.
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MCQ 61 Mark
Select the group which shares maximum number of common characters:
  • ✓
    Two individuals of a species.
  • B
    Two species of a genus.
  • C
    Two genera of a family.
  • D
    Two genera of two families.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Two individuals of a species.

Species form the lowest taxonomic category and includes all the organisms that share maximum number of common characters. While moving up in taxonomic hierarchy, number of shared characters get reduced.

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MCQ 71 Mark
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
  • A
    For every hormone there is a gene.
  • B
    For every protein there is a gene.
  • C
    For production of every enzyme there is a gene.
  • ✓
    For every molecule of fat there is a gene.
Answer
Correct option: D.
For every molecule of fat there is a gene.

Hormone and enzymes are made up of proteins and formation of any particular protein is also controlled by a particular gene. But fat formation does not depends on gene. Hence, all other options are correct.

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MCQ 81 Mark
If a round, green seeded pea plant (RRyy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant, (rrYY) the seeds produced in F1 generation are:
  • ✓
    Round and yellow.
  • B
    Round and green.
  • C
    Wrinkled and green.
  • D
    Wrinkled and yellow.
Answer
Correct option: A.
Round and yellow.

The cross between RRyy and rrYY seeds will obtain RrYy offspring which will exhibit round and yellow phenotype as these traits are dominant one.

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MCQ 91 Mark
Two pink colored flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be:
  • A
    Double fertilization.
  • B
    Self-pollination.
  • ✓
    Cross fertilization.
  • D
    No fertilization.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Cross fertilization.

The term ‘cross’ in the question indicate towards cross fertilization.

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MCQ 101 Mark
If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then we can predict that:
  • A
    The extinction of organism has occurred recently.
  • ✓
    The extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years ago.
  • C
    The fossil position in the layers of earth is not related to its time of extinction.
  • D
    Time of extinction cannot be determined.
Answer
Correct option: B.
The extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years ago.

Older fossils are found in deeper layers.

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MCQ 111 Mark
A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, radish and tomato. Which of them represent the correct homologous structures?
  • A
    Carrot and potato.
  • B
    Carrot and tomato.
  • ✓
    Radish and carrot.
  • D
    Radish and potato.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Radish and carrot.

They have similar design and origin.

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MCQ 121 Mark
In peas, a pure tall plant $(TT)$ is crossed with a short plant $(tt).$ The ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in $F_2$ is:
  • A
    $1 : 3$
  • ✓
    $3 : 1$
  • C
    $1 : 1$
  • D
    $2 : 1$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$3 : 1$
The monohybrid $F_2$ generation phenotypic ratio is $3 : 1.$
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MCQ 131 Mark
In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/ these unpaired chromosome is/ are :
  1. Large chromosome.
  2. Small chromosome.
  3. $Y-$ chromosome.
  4. $X-$ chromosome.
  • A
    $(i)$ and $(ii).$
  • B
    $(iii)$ only.
  • ✓
    $(iii)$ and $(iv).$
  • D
    $(ii)$ and $(iv).$
Answer
Correct option: C.
$(iii)$ and $(iv).$
These are sex chromosomes determining the gender of the offspring.
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MCQ 141 Mark
A trait in an organism is influenced by:
  • A
    Paternal DNA only.
  • B
    Maternal DNA only.
  • ✓
    Both maternal and paternal DNA.
  • D
    Neither by paternal nor by maternal DNA.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Both maternal and paternal DNA.

Since DNA in an organism is contributed by two parents, hence traits are influenced by both maternal and paternal DNA.

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MCQ 151 Mark
Select the incorrect statement:
  • A
    Frequency of certain genes in a population change over several generations resulting in evolution.
  • ✓
    Reduction in weight of the organism due to starvation is genetically controlled.
  • C
    Low weight parents can have heavy weight progeny.
  • D
    Traits which are not inherited over generations do not cause evolution.
Answer
Correct option: B.
Reduction in weight of the organism due to starvation is genetically controlled.

The weight reduction due to starvation is environmentally determined factor.

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MCQ 161 Mark
New species may be formed if :
  1. $\text{DNA}$ undergoes significant changes in germ cells.
  2. Chromosome number changes in the gamete.
  3. There is no change in the genetic material.
  4. Mating does not take place.
  • ✓
    $(i)$ and $(ii).$
  • B
    $(i)$ and $(iii).$
  • C
    $(ii), (iii)$ and $(iv).$
  • D
    $(i), (ii)$ and $(iii).$
Answer
Correct option: A.
$(i)$ and $(ii).$
If there is no change in the genetic material, then no evolution would take place.
Sexual reproduction cannot take place without mating. Hence, statements $(iii)$ and $(iv)$ are incorrect.
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MCQ 171 Mark
Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution this means that:
  • A
    Reptiles have evolved from birds.
  • B
    There is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds.
  • C
    Feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms.
  • ✓
    Birds have evolved from reptiles.
Answer
Correct option: D.
Birds have evolved from reptiles.
Development of flight feathers in reptilian ancestors of birds lead to evolution of birds (Aves).
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MCQ 181 Mark
Exchange of genetic material takes place in:
  • A
    Vegetative reproduction.
  • B
    Asexual reproduction.
  • ✓
    Sexual reproduction.
  • D
    Budding.
Answer
Correct option: C.
Sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction involves meiosis in gamete mother cells to form gametes and fusion of male and female gametes into zygote.

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MCQ 191 Mark
The number of pair $(s)$ of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is:
  • ✓
    One.
  • B
    Two.
  • C
    Three.
  • D
    Four.
Answer
Correct option: A.
One.
$23^{rd}$ pair contains sex chromosomes.
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MCQ 201 Mark
Two pea plants one with round green seeds $(RRyy)$ and another with wrinkled yellow $(rrYY)$ seeds produce $F_1$ progeny that have round, yellow $(RrYy)$ seeds. When $F_1$ plants are selfed, the $F_2$ progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the new combination from the following:
  1. Round, yellow.
  2. Round, green.
  3. Wrinkled, yellow.
  4. Wrinkled, green.
  • A
    $(i)$ and $(ii).$
  • ✓
    $(i)$ and $(iv).$
  • C
    $(ii)$ and $(iii).$
  • D
    $(i)$ and $(iii).$
Answer
Correct option: B.
$(i)$ and $(iv).$

 The new combination in $F_2$ progeny will be offspring showing phenotype other than aren’t ones $($round and green; wrinkled yellow$)$. Hence, the recombinant progeny will be one with round yellow and wrinkled green seeds.

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MCQ 211 Mark
According to the evolutionary theory, formation of a new species is generally due to:
  • A
    Sudden creation by nature.
  • ✓
    Accumulation of variations over several generations.
  • C
    Clones formed during asexual reproduction.
  • D
    Movement of individuals from one habitat to another.
Answer
Correct option: B.
Accumulation of variations over several generations.

Whenever there is a variation in DNA a new species is formed. But making of clones and movement from one habitat to another does not results in DNA variation. Moreover, Theory of Sudden Creation was disapproved by the scientists.

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MCQ 221 Mark
The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by:
  • A
    Mendel.
  • ✓
    Darwin.
  • C
    Morgan.
  • D
    Lamarck.
Answer
Correct option: B.
Darwin.

Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection to explain the process of evolution.

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MCQ 231 Mark
The maleness of a child is determined by:
  • A
    The $X$ chromosome in the zygote.
  • ✓
    The $Y$ chromosome in zygote.
  • C
    The cytoplasm of germ cell which determines the sex.
  • D
    Sex is determined by chance.
Answer
Correct option: B.
The $Y$ chromosome in zygote.
The $Y$ chromosome in zygote.
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MCQ 241 Mark
Which of the following statements is not true with respect to variation?
  • ✓
    All variations in a species have equal chance of survival.
  • B
    Change in genetic composition results in variation.
  • C
    Selection of variants by environmental factors forms the basis of evolutionary processes.
  • D
    Variation is minimum in asexual reproduction.
Answer
Correct option: A.
All variations in a species have equal chance of survival.

Variations that impart reproductive or survival advantage to organisms are being favored during evolution.

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MCQ 251 Mark
The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on:
  • A
    Copies of the same chromosome.
  • ✓
    Two different chromosomes.
  • C
    Sex chromosomes.
  • D
    Any chromosome.
Answer
Correct option: B.
Two different chromosomes.

This is the reason; one version is expressed in some progenies, while another version is expressed in some other progenies.

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