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Question 13 Marks

a. Explain the surgical method of contraception used by (i) males, and (ii) females to prevent fertilisation.
b. Write the role of oral pills taken by women as a contraceptive.

Answer

a. i. The surgical method of birth control for men is called vasectomy in which a small portion of the vas deferens is cut and their ends are sealed to prevent sperms from coming out.
ii. Tubectomy: A small portion of the female fallopian tube is removed, and ends are tied with a nylon thread, preventing egg transport into the uterus.
b. Oral contraceptive pills:
i. The oral contraceptive pill, also recognized as the birth control pill or merely "the pill," is a form of birth control that is taken into the body by women.
ii. Contraceptive pills (birth control pills) are estrogen medications that are taken orally.
iii. They prevent pregnancy by delaying ovulation and sperm from passing through the cervix.

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Question 23 Marks

A red-eyed individual is crossed with a white-eyed individual to produce $F_{1}$ progeny with red eyes. When $F_{1}$ individuals are intercrossed, $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ progeny is formed with both red as well as white-eyed individuals.
a. How is the dominant trait identified?
b. What are recessive traits?
c. If 12 individuals are produced in $\mathrm{F}_{2}$ generation, then how many white-eyed individuals would be obtained? Calculate the ratio of red-eyed individuals to white-eyed individuals.

Answer

a. The dominant trait is identified by observing its expression in the F1 generation.
b. The recessive trait is the one that is masked in the presence of the dominant trait and only expressed in the homozygous recessive state.
c. The ratio of red-eyed to white-eyed individuals is $3: 1$

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[3 Mark Questions] - Science STD 10 Questions - Vidyadip

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