Science [1 Mark Questions]

10%.

Crop fields are the artifical ecosystem among them.

Producers always occupy the first trophic level in any food chain because the main source of every food chain is the sun and only producers are capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy.

The non- biodegradable wastes pollutes the environment like plastic and polythene bags.

Environment means our surroundings in which we live. Not only human beings, but also animals, plants and all the living organism. It is actually the sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger and damage.

If we kill all the organisms of a trophic level, the number of organism in next trophic level will decrease drastically due to non-availability food. On the contrary, the number of individuals in lower trophic level will increase because no one will be there to feed upon them, resulting in imbalance ecosystem.

1%.

Aquarium.

The energy enters the living components of the ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis.

Ozone layer provides protection from the harmful ULTRAVIOLET RAYS that are emitted by the sun. The UV rays causes greenhouse effect and many skin diseases.

Forest considered as a natural ecosystem because forest provides us woods and foods and many animals also depend on forest for their food. Forest balance the food cycle and naturally gives oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.

Aluminum wire and Synthetic fibre.

Energy.

Green plants are called producers because they are self sufficient and they make their own food by photosynthesis.

Paper and Plastics.

The Chipko Movement began from a small village; Reni in Garhwal district. The women of the village hugged the trees to prevent them from cutting by the contractors of an industry.

Biodegradable wastes can be properly recycled for future use.
If biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes are discarded in the same dustbin, then the non-biodegradable waste will make the biodegradable waste unfit for recycling. It will also interfere in the process of recycling.

Goat and Rat (Both are herbivores).

The household wastes are called garbage. It includes left -over food, fruit and vegetable peels, waste paper, unwanted plastic objects etc.

Trophic Levels:
The feeding positions in a food chain or web are called trophic levels. The different trophic levels are defined in the Table below. Examples are also given in the table. All food chains and webs have at least two or three trophic levels. Generally, there are a maximum of four trophic levels.

Trophic Level	Where It Gets Food	Example
1st Trophic Level: Producer	Makes its own food	Plants make food.
2nd Trophic Level: Primary Consumer	Consumes producers	Mice eat plant seeds.
3rd Trophic Level: Secondary Consumer	Consumes primary consumers	Snakes eat mice.
4th Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumer	Consumes secondary consumers	Hawks eat snakes.

Sun.

Environment.

Biotic components means all the living organisms living on earth two examples for biotic components are: human, animals. They are also sorted in groups like autotrophs or producers, heterotrophs, consumers and decomposers.

If the two wastes are collected in a single bin, they would mix and may form toxic compounds which can cause pollution. The biodegradable waste can be decomposed in a natural manner by the process of composting. Non-biodegradable wastes can be sent for recycling.

No, change in lifestyle does not add waste to the environment. It helps to reduce the amount of waste. The use of eco-friendly products and recyclable materials will lessen the waste produced.

Jute bags should be used for shopping because these are biodegradable whereas plastic bags are non- biodegradable.

Bird.

Cloth bags have many advantages over plastic bags, some of them are:
Bags made of clothes can be used again and again by washing or modifying. One can modify these bags in home. Cloth bags are biodegradable and don’t causes pollution.

Phytoplankton (and other aquatic plants) → Zooplankton (and other small aquatic animals and larvae) → Fish → Bird (King Fisher).

Peacock and hawk.

Ecosystems which are made by man are known as artificial ecosystem.
In case of crop fields abiotic and biotic components are selected by humans. The essential process such as sowing seeds, then irrigated and further progress is also kept under observation for getting good yield.

Chlorofluro Carbons.

Coal.

The two main components of environment are:

1. Abitoic components: They are the non-living components of any habitat.
2. Biotic components: They are the living components of a habitat.

Human beings are the only organisms which change the natural environment to fulfill their needs. The uncontrolled activities of human beings are damaging the balanced and healthy environment.

Third Trophic level: Snakes.Fourth trophic level: Hawk.

Air, Water, Minerals, Sunlight are the abiotic components of an ecosystem.

Because after that the energy available for the next organism will be so small that it will be insufficient to sustain the life of that organism.

An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere). Ecosystems are the foundations of the Biosphere and they determine the health of the entire earth system.

The percentage of solar radiation absorbs by all green plants for photosynthesis is 1%. Most solar energy occurs at wavelengths unsuitable forphotosynthesis.