CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

Question 14 Marks

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT Once it is realised that even though the level of income is important, yet it is an inadequate measure of the level of development, we begin to think of other criterion. There could be a long list of such criterion but then it would not be so useful. What we need is a small number of the most important things. Health and education indicators, such as the ones we used in comparison of Kerala and Punjab, are among them. Over the past decade or so, health and education indicators have come to be widely used along with income as a measure of development. For instance, Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income. It would be interesting to look at certain relevant data regarding India and its neighbours from Human Development Report 2006.
1. On what basis the UNDP compares countries on Human Development?
2. Explain Human development briefly
3. Mention other aspects that should be considered in measuring human development

Answer

1. Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
2.Human development is a process of enhancing the range of people's choices, increasing their opportunities for education, health care, income, and empowerment. It also covers the full range of human choices from a sound physical
environment to economic, political, and social freedom.
3. Yes, there other aspects as well like- Life expectancy, access to public facilities such as water, sanitation, roads, electricity etc.

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Question 24 Marks

Given the abundance and renewability of water, it is difficult to imagine that we may suffer from water scarcity. The moment we speak of water shortages; we immediately associate it with regions having low rainfall or those that are drought prone. We instantaneously visualise the deserts of Rajasthan and women balancing many 'matkas' (earthen pots) used for collecting and storing water and travelling long distances to get water. True, the availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in seasonal and annual precipitation, but water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.
1. Give any one reason that could contribute to water scarcity in the future?
2.Why a resident of Rajasthan would choose to install a submersible water pump?
3. Why is water conservation crucial? Discuss any one key for effective water management and conservation.

Answer

1 Water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.
2 People of Rajasthan have to travel long distances for collecting water, having a submersible water tank would solve the purpose of water
3. Water conservation is crucial to provide clean water for humans to sustain life. Conservation of water requires a lot concerted efforts from every person in the world. We can take following steps:
a. Constructing sophisticated hydraulic structures like dams built of stone rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments and canals for irrigation.
b. Rain water harvesting

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Question 34 Marks

Emboldened with this success, Gandhi ji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April.
1. Why did the British introduce the Rowlatt Act?
2.Examine the effect of this Act on Indians.
3. How did Mahatma Gandhi respond to the Rowlatt Act? Provide one reason for his reaction.

Answer

1. One of the primary reasons for the Rowlatt Act was to suppress the growing nationalist movements and unrest in India. The Rowlatt Act gave the colonial authorities all powers to arrest and detain individuals without trial, making it easier to suppress political opposition and prevent further nationalist agitation.
2. The Act gave the authorities the power to prohibit public gatherings and censor the press.
i This curbed the freedom of speech and assembly, as Indians were no longer free
to express their political views, hold public meetings, or publish materials critical of British rule without risking arrest and prosecution.
ii Random arrests and detention powers under the Rowlatt Act led to widespread misuse of power. Many political leaders, activists, and ordinary citizens were arrested on suspicion of being involved in anti-British activities. This resulted in a
climate of fear, where people were afraid to voice their opinions against British
oppression.
3. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April. Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).

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Social Studies CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

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