Social Studies SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(3 Mark)

Women empowerment has taken leaps and bounds from yesteryears to the present. We can see the following developments:
a. Passing of Women Reservation Bill, 2023
b. Improved literacy rates
c. Women have equal rights as men on their father's property.
d. Women could be seen in all the fields of development- science, economy, education, media, corporate etc.

Horticulture is a term used for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. Some features are-
1. India is one of the major producers of fruits and vegetables in the world
2. It is a producer of tropical and temperate fruits.
3. India produces 13% of the world's vegetables.

1. Raman was happy because in the organised sector they enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They also get several other benefits from their employers as they get paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits, and, under the laws, the factory manager must ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment. When they retire, these workers get pensions as well.
2. Whereas Sunil was unhappy because the unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave.
3. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes many people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work.

If more men are working than required is called as disguised unemployment. In this 3 case the other three who are not required should take up different jobs that would increase the total family income. For example, they can be employed in projects like building of dams, canals or roads in the village.
1. Government can invest some money in transportation and storage of crops or make better rural roads so that mini-trucks reach everywhere.
2. Promotion of industries like setting up a dal mill, opening a cold storage could give an opportunity for farmers to store their products like potatoes and onions and sell them when the price is good.
3.In villages near forest areas, they can start honey collection centres where farmers can come and sell wild honey. It is also possible to set up industries that process vegetables and agricultural produce like potato, sweet potato, rice, wheat, tomato, fruits, which can be sold in outside markets and thus generate employment.
4. Government can plan to give loans at lower rates of interest to people in rural areas to start something new thereby solving problems of underemployment.

1.Print was no longer used just by scholar officials. Merchants used print in their everyday life, as they collected trade information.
2. Reading increasingly became a leisure activity. The new readership preferred
fictional narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary masterpieces,
and romantic plays.
3. Rich women began to read, and many women began publishing their poetry and plays. Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.