Social Studies CASE BASED QUESTIONS(4 Mark)

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The idea of development or progress has always been with us. We have aspirations or desires about what we would like to do and how we would like to live. Development or progress is likely to mean different to different persons. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother, and that he also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like this. Similarly, to get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced - such as tribals. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.
i. Explain the negative effect of having more dams on the locals. (1)
ii. What could be the developmental goal for a girl from a rich urban family? (1)
iii. Based on the given source, draw two conclusions. (2)

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Today, in western Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap water. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household's rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, and with 80 per cent of collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings, every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres.
i. What caused the rooftop rainwater harvesting practice to decline in western Rajasthan? (1)
ii. Why do some homes in western Rajasthan continue to use tankas when tap water is readily available? (1)
iii. Explain the successful adaptation of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Gendathur village in Mysuru, Karnataka, and its impact on water availability. (2)

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
"It is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This 4 power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active.... 'Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. 'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love.... Nonviolence is the supreme dharma... "It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own...."
i. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma? (1)
ii. How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his philosophy? (1)
iii. Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice? (2)