Social Studies SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS(3 Mark)

Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013- 14, the tertiary sector emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector. Its development can be attributed to various factors like:
• Basic services like hospitals, education, post and telegraph, courts, etc. are the responsibility of the government in developing countries.
• Demand for services such as transport, trade, and storage will increase with the development of primary and secondary sectors.
• Demand for tourism, shopping, private schools, private hospitals, etc. increases with the increase in the level of income.
• Rapid growth of the service sector also benefitted from external demand such as the software industry and call centre services.
• Liberalisation of the financial sector provided an environment for faster growth of financial services.

From above given all the three reactions Sangeeta's reaction is best because of our policy of accommodation the unity in our nation has been strengthened. Unlike Sri Lanka (where the language of the majority has been promoted), the Indian polity has given equality of status to all the major languages spoken in the country. This has led to the avoidance of social conflict on a linguistic basis. The policy of accommodation has made the administration of States easier. It has also ensured a larger participation in the government's activities by people who speak various languages.

As the most important economic sector in the economy, the primary sector is critical in contributing to the overall economic growth of a society. In some instances, economies that are more developed can devote more excellent resources to primary production. The following points delineate the importance of the primary sector:
• Primary Sector provides the basic needs of the economy, ie, food and mineral ores. It produces some of the raw materials (like jute, cotton, coal extracted from mines) for the industrial sector.
• The agricultural sector provides food for the entire economy. Besides growing crops, the agricultural sector also includes forestry and fishing which provide food and raw
materials for other industries.
• The mining sector provides mineral resources indispensable for the industrial sector of the economy.
• The agricultural population in the primary sector provides a very large market of consumers for the secondary sector (for buying finished products like clothes, goods of daily need, fertilizers, etc.

Industries can be classified on the basis of ownership in following categories:
i. Public Sector: Owned and operated by government agencies, e.g., BHEL, SAIL.
ii. Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, e.g., Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur Industries, TISCO.
iii. Joint Sector: Run jointly by the government and Individual or group of individuals, e.g. Oil India Ltd. (OIL)
iv. Cooperative Sector: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw material, workers or both. Resources are pooled and profits and losses are shared, e.g. Amul India, coir industries in Kerala, Sugar industries in Maharashtra.

i. Iron ore, coking coal and lime stone are required in the ratio of approximately 4: 2: 1. Some quantities of manganese, are also required to harden the steel.
ii. Reasons: (a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal (b) Lower productivity
of labour (c) Irregular supply of energy (d) Poor infrastructure.

People in eighteenth-century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism because:
i. By the mid-eighteenth century, there was a common conviction that books were a means of spreading progress and enlightenment.
ii. Many believed that books could change the world, liberate society from despotism and tyranny, and herald a time when reason and intellect would rule.
iii. Louise-Sebastien Mercier, a novelist in eighteenth-century France, declared 'The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away'.