LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)

Question 15 Marks

European Governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism in 1815. Support this statement.

Answer

i. Conservative Post-Napoleon Era: European governments embraced conservatism after Napoleon's defeat in 1815.
ii. Preservation of Traditional Values: Conservatives advocated safeguarding established institutions like the monarchy, church, social hierarchies, property, and family.
iii. Modernisation for Strengthening Traditions: Most conservatives however did not propose a return to the society of prerevolutionary days. They realised from the changes initiated by Napoleon that modernisation could, in fact, strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy.
iv. Enhancing State Power: This modernization would make state powers more effective and robust, ensuring the stability of autocratic monarchies.
v. Strengthening Autocratic Rule: A modern bureaucracy, dynamic economy, and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could bolster the authority of Europe's autocratic monarchies.

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Question 25 Marks

Describe the process of Unification of Britain.

Answer

In Britain, the formation of a nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval, revolution or national struggle but of a long drawn out parliamentary process. The process of unification of Britain is as follows:
i. Britain was not a nation-state prior to $18{ }^{\text {th }}$ century. England had people of many ethnic groups such as English, Welsh, Scot and Irish with their own cultural and political traditions.
ii. The English nation steadily grew in importance, wealth and power and extended her influence over other nations of the island.
iii. In 1688, England established as a nation-state. English parliament seized power from the monarchy.
iv. In 1707 the Act of Union between England and Scotland led to the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.
v. England dominated Scotland and Ireland in all spheres. British Parliament was dominated by English members.
vi. Ireland was forcibly taken by the British after the failed revolution led by Wolfe and his United Irishmen (1798) and a new "British Nation" was formed.

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Social Studies LONG ANS. QUESTIONS(5 Mark)

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