Social Studies Question-Answer [1M - GEOGRAPHY]

Old Alluvial Soil.

Bailadila iron- ore mine: The Bailadila hills look like the hump of an ox, hence Bialadila iron- ore field get to its name.

Sowing Period of Kharif crops–Onset of Monsoon/June-July.

Main fibre Crops:-

1. Cotton.
2. Jute.
3. Hemp.
4. Natural Silk.

BELGIUM.

Some jute products are gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts.

Because it leads to deforestation.

Due to its high cost, it is losing market to synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon.

India is an agriculturally important country. Two-thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agriculture is a primary activity, which produces most of the food that we consume.

Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops.

Tea is important beverage crop introduced in India initially by the British. Today, most of the tea plantations are owned by Indians.

Areas of high population are ideal for intensive subsistence farming.

The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.

Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers.

India has three cropping seasons - rabi, kharif and zaid.

Jowar is a rain-fed crop. Maharashtra is the largest producing state of this crop.

Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence.

Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India.

It is known as the golden fibre.

Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of rabi crops.

Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize.

A welldeveloped network of transport and communication connecting the plantation areas, processing industries and markets plays an important role in the development of plantations.

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon and are harvested in September October.

Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.

Some of the crops produced during ‘zaid’ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops.

Sugarcane is provide as raw material for jaggery and molasses.

Maize is used both as food and fodder.

There are two important wheat - growing zones in the country – the Ganga - Satluj plains in the northwest and black soil region of the Deccan.

The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh.

Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala are major tea producing states of India.

Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka are the major pulses-producing states in India.

Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India.

Major cotton-producing states are:

• Maharashtra
• Gujarat
• Madhya Pradesh
• Karnataka
• Andhra Pradesh
• Tamil Nadu
• Punjab
• Haryana
• Uttar Pradesh.

Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.

Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are major fibre crops grown in India.

Cotton grows well in drier parts of the black (cotton) soil of the Deccan plateau.

Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.

Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September - October.

It is a kharif crop which requires temperature between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old alluvial soil.

The government announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Nylon, a synthetic fibre replaced jute in the market.

In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season.

The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides.

It is known as Jhumming in north eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland; and Pamlou in Manipur.

It is known as Kuruwa in Jharkhand and as Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.

Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.

Rearing of silkworms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture.