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Social Studies SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [3M - ECONOMICS]

Unit 4 Ch 1 : Development · CBSE STD 10 (CBSE - English Medium). 68 questions.

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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [3M - ECONOMICS]

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50 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 13 Marks
Evaluate the utility of public services in contributing to the overall well-being of individuals and society.
Answer
Healthcare and Public Health :
- Accessible and quality public healthcare, is fundamental for maintaining, a productive and healthy population. It reduces mortality rates, ensures the wellbeing of the workforce, and allows individuals to contribute meaningfully to the economy. Inadequate healthcare can result in a higher burden of disease, lower life expectancy, and economic inefficiencies.
Education and Skill Development :
- Public education systems are essential for providing equal learning opportunities to all citizens, regardless of socioeconomic status. A well-educated population leads to increased literacy rates, skill development, and innovation, all of which are crucial for economic growth, reducing inequality, and fostering social cohesion.
Sanitation and Clean Water :
- Proper sanitation and access to clean water are vital for maintaining public health and preventing diseases such as cholera and dysentery. These services significantly improve life expectancy, reduce healthcare costs, and increase productivity, especially in rural or underserved areas.
Infrastructure Development :
- Public infrastructure, including roads, transportation, and energy, supports the functioning of markets, businesses, and industries. It enhances connectivity, stimulates economic activities, and improves the quality of life for individuals by providing easy access to essential goods and services.
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Question 23 Marks
Compare India and Sri Lanka on the basis of any three indicators of Human Development Index for 2004.
Answer
  1. Per capita income.
  2. Life expectancy at birth.
  3. Literacy rate for 15+ years population.
  4. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels.
  5. Sri Lanka is much ahead of India.
  6. India’s HDI rank (126th) is far behind.Srilanka’s 93rd rank.
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Question 33 Marks
Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answer
Sustainable development means that the development at present should not hamper the needs of the future generation and it should take place without damaging the environment. The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in tandem with the future. If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time. Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further progress.
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries; this issue is no longer region or nation specific .Our future is linked together. Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
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Question 43 Marks
In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer
World bank only uses per capita income for measuring development while UNDP uses many other factors like infant mortality, healthcare facility education level which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive. As per HDI-2014, India's rank is 135. On the other hand, the World Bank uses per capita income as the only criterion for measuring development and classifying the countries as rich and poor.
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Question 53 Marks
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer
The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries:
Countries with per capita income of US$ 12616 per annum and above in 2012, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
Limitations:
Limitations of this criterion are that while average income is useful for competition, it does not tell us how this income is distributed among people. A country may have more equitable distribution. People may be neither very rich nor extremely poor. But in another country with same average income, one person may be extremely rich, while others may be very poor. So, the method of average income does not give correct picture of a country.
This criterion hides disparities among people.
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Question 63 Marks
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer
Few examples of environmental degradation:
  • Deforestation.
  • Soil erosion.
  • Falling levels of ground water.
  • Depletion of the ozone layer and combustion from automobiles causing extreme air pollution.
  • Water Pollution.
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Question 73 Marks
Define the term ‘economic development’. State the two bases of measuring economic development of a country.
Answer
Economic development is the long-term increase in per capita income along with improvement in quality of life.

Bases of economic development.

  1. National income.
  2. Per capita income.
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Question 83 Marks
How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples.
Answer
Sustainability is a matter of sharing development opportunity not the poverty and human deprivation. If the present is miserable and unacceptable to the majority of the world's people it must be changed before it is sustained. In other words, what must be sustained are worthwhile life opportunities, not human deprivation.

Sustainable development is the real economic development accompanied by an increase in economic welfare which can be potentially shared by future generations also.

Example:

  1. Ground water in India.
  2. Exhaustion of Nation Resources.
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Question 93 Marks
Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index (BMI).
Answer
  1. Eat healthy and nutritious food.
  2. Regular exercise.
  3. Self monitoring.
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Question 103 Marks
Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.
Answer
When we look at the figures related to Human Development Index, India lags behind on several parameters. Although the life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy rate have shown improvement in 2011 census, much more needs to be done. Given the vast population of India, the absolute number of infants how die before completing one year is very high. This can be attributed to lack of proper healthcare, drinking water, sanitation and nutrition; especially in rural areas. India needs to develop facilities to improve on these parameters to become a developed country.
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Question 113 Marks
Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.
Answer
Income can enable people to at least make provision for basic necessities of life. If the average income of a country is on a higher side, its chances of faring better on development index are better. Hence, average income can be an important criterion for development.
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Question 123 Marks
Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and why?
  1. Because people are different.
  2. Because life situations of persons are different.
Answer

  1. Because life situations of persons are different. The requirements vary according to the living conditions of people. Therefore, people seek those things that are most important to them, i.e. the things which can fulfill their aspirations and desires.

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Question 133 Marks
Why do different persons have different notions of development. Explain.
Answer
It is because the life situations of persons are different.
People seek things that are most important for them or that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires.
For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas the developmental goals of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.
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Question 143 Marks
Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country?
Answer
Public facilities are those basic facilities provided by the government to the general public.

Importance of public facilities are:

  1. They help in developing by providing easy access to basic necessities.
  2. Proper education and value education can be provided by the government.
  3. Public distribution system (PDS) provides food security in a country.
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Question 153 Marks
Which values are associated with public facilities?
Answer
  1. Ensuring pollution-free environment.
  2. Ensuring unadulterated medicines.
  3. Preventing infectious diseases.
  4. Providing adequate facilities for education to all children, irrespective of gender or caste.
  5. Providing safe drinking water to all.
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Question 163 Marks
Which three efforts should be made by any country to improve its HDI?
Answer
The three efforts which could be made by any country to improve its HDI are:
  1. Providing 100% literacy to the people.
  2. Improving health facilities.
  3. Creating a pollution-free environment.
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Question 173 Marks
Which three development goals will you like to prescribe for rural labourers?
Answer
Three development goals for rural labourers:
  1. More days of work and better wages.
  2. Local schools to provide quality education for their children.
  3. There will be no social discrimination.
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Question 183 Marks
Which position was occupied by India in terms of HDI in Human Development Report, 2014?
Answer
India's ranking on Human Development Index (HDI) rose by a notch in 2014 to 130th from 131st out of 188 a year earlier - according to the 2015 edition of the Global Human Development report, released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
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Question 193 Marks
Which neighbouring country of India is ahead of it in HDI ranking?
Answer
Among the other South-Asian countries, Sri Lanka ranked 76 with the HDI value of 0.77 and Maldives stood at 101 with the HDI value of 0.717 were ahead of India. On the other hand, neighbours Bangladesh and Pakistan were ranked at 136 and 150 respectively. India's HDI value is above the average of 0.638 for the region.
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Question 203 Marks
Which neighbouring country of India has better performance in terms of human development than India?
Answer
Sri Lanka has the more better performance regarding the human development than India. Sri Lanka is the island of the nation of south India in the Indian ocean. It has the landscapes from the rain forests and the plains from the high lands and the beaches.
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Question 213 Marks
Which index is used to compare the nutritional level?
Answer
The index that is applied to analyze the nutritional level is estimated as Body Mass Index (BMI), and it is acquired from the weight (mass) and height of a person. The BMI is described as the body mass divided by the square of the body height and is extensively represented in units of kg/m2, emerging from the mass height of the individual measured in kilograms and meters. It describes individuals as underweight, healthy weight, overweight or fat based on the BMI.
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Question 223 Marks
What is the difference between literacy rate of India as per census year 2001 and 2011?
Answer
 
2001
2011
Difference
Persons 64.83% 74.04% 9.2%
Males
75.26%
82.14%
6.9%
Females
53.67%
65.46%
11.8%
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Question 233 Marks
What is meant by sustainable economic development? Give its main features.
Answer
Sustainable economic development means that development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise on the needs of future generation.
Main features of sustainable economic development is:
  1. Reduction in polution.
  2. Quality of life of future generation should not reduce.
  3. Efficient use of natural resources.
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Question 243 Marks
What is meant by sustainable development?
Answer
Sustainable development is that process of economic development which aims at judicious use of both renewable and non-renewable resources without harming the balance of environment keeping in mind the requirement for present and future generations.
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Question 253 Marks
What is meant by economic development? What are the two bases of measuring economic development of a country?
Answer
Economic development refers to the rate of production is greater than the rate of increase in population and the rate of growth of GDP is high enough to fulfil the basic needs of the population.

Two bases of measuring development of a country are as follows:

  1. Per capita or average income.
  2. National income and public facilities.
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Question 263 Marks
What is Human Development Index? Which organization HDI? Explain the three major indicators of HDI.
Answer
The Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which r used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq for the UNDP. Published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people and their health status and per capita.
The HDI was calculated in 2010 using the following indicators: Health- Life expectancy at birth. Education- expected years Scholling for schools- age children and average years of Scholling in the adult population. Income measured by Gross National Income(GNI) per capita (PPP).
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Question 273 Marks
What is development? What are the two aspects of development?
Answer
Development is such a situation that can fulfil the aspirations or desires of people. It is the progress or improvement in the lifestyles of the people. Two aspects of development are:
  1. Different persons can have different developmental goals.
  2. What may be development for one, may not be development for the other.
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Question 283 Marks
What do you understand by the term life expectancy?
Answer
Life expectancy refers to the number of years a person is expected to live based on the statistical average. Life expectancy varies by geographical area and by era. In the Bronze age, for example, life expectancy was 26 years, while in 2010, it was 67 years.
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Question 293 Marks
What does human development mean? Beside income, what do the people aspire for?
Answer
Human development means the development of an individual in such way that he could lead a happy life according to his cherished wish and genius. The measures of looking at development other than income are quality of life and environmental sustainability. Beside income, people aspire for regular work, better wages and decent price for their crops or other products. People also want equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others. They resent discrimination.
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Question 303 Marks
What consequences would we face if non-renewable resources get exhausted in the world?
Answer
  1. Non-renewable resources are those which will get exhausted after years of use. We have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be replenished.
  2. We can discover new resources that we did not know of earlier. New sources in this way add to the stock.
  3. However, overtime, even this will get exhausted. In that situation life would be difficult for us. There would be total chaos all over the world.
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Question 313 Marks
What condition may allow women to take up a variety of jobs or run business?
Answer
One important condition that would allow women to take up work or do business is Women Empowerment.
It means the social conditions prevalent, which guarantee equality and ability for a woman to enjoy all their rights, get access to resources, income and time, in order to take up employment of their liking or carry out a business for profit. Woman empowerment is aimed the holistic well-being of a woman.
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Question 323 Marks
What are the non-material things?
Answer
Non-material things Means not material or composed of matter, not involving, seeking, or primarily concerned with riches or material things; involving orconcerned with the spiritual, intellectual, or cultural aspects of life.
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Question 333 Marks
What are the developmental goals for landless rural labourers?
Answer
Developmental goals for landless rural labourers are more days of work and better wages, local schools, which are able to provide quality education for their children and there should not be any social discrimination and they too can become leaders in the village.
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Question 343 Marks
What aims for maintaining the natural resources for the present as well as the future for consistent economic development?
Answer
The concept of sustainable development is applicable here. The resources have to be wisely and judiciously used. The recycling methods have to be adopted more. The alternatives to the existing energy sources have to be find out etc.
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Question 353 Marks
Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.
Answer
In factories where goods and services are produced at mass scale, in mining areas and in manufacturing units where also goods are produced and manufactured in bulk. So, few merchants prefer to sell their goods in wholesale and they don’t want any kind of mediator in their work and all they want is that customers should come to them and purchase goods and services from them so here both seller and buyer is benefitted in their own ways. Therefore it can be said that collective of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.
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Question 363 Marks
Think of any three development goals of a boy from a rich urban family.
Answer
  1. He may think to get quality education and persue his studies abroad.
  2. He may require the availability of vocational education and training.
  3. He may require capital to start his own business.
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Question 373 Marks
Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.
Answer
Increase in average income cannot be a guarantee of overall progress of the economy. As the data of Punjab and Kerala; in this chapter; show, there are other factors which also need to be analysed before arriving at a conclusion. Some of those factors are; infant mortality rate, literacy rate etc.
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Question 383 Marks
Suggest one measure to ensure sustainable development in the energy sector.
Answer
  1. Reduce our dependency on heavy metals and fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
  2. Reduce our dependency on synthetic chemicals.
  3. Reduce our destruction of nature which includes clearing of forest and natural habitats for human needs.
  4. The fourth principal is to ensure that we don’t stop people from meeting their needs in order to achieve environmental sustainability. We must maintain a balance between environmental and economic sustainability.
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Question 393 Marks
Study the following table and answer the questions given below.
Village
Undernourished male adults in various villages (%)
Undernourished female adults in various villages (%)
Village A
35
33
Village B
42
38
Village C
52
45
All villages
47
46
Compare:
  1. The nutritional level of village B with village C. What does it imply?
  2. Village A with all villages. What does it imply?
Answer
  1. Village B is better nourished than village C. This implies better distribution of food and income among the people of village B.
  2. On comparing village A with all villages we find that village A is much more undernourished. This indicates lack of proper employment facilities and also the distribution of the food.
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Question 403 Marks
Start one cause of high infant mortality rate.
Answer
There are many different causes of infant mortality, from infection to birth defects or accidents. The main causes of infant mortality in the United States are different than the main causes of infant death around the world. In addition, in the United States and worldwide, the most common causes of infant death in the first weeks after birth are different than those that occur later in the first year.
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Question 413 Marks
Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:

  1. Who are the people who benefited and who did not?
  2. What should be the developmental goal for this country?
Answer
  1. The people who have dumped the toxic waste are the benefitted and the people who haven’t are not benefitted and they belonged to Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa, where people were not aware of hygiene issues and they kept committing mistakes daily and now they are suffering.
  1. The development goals for the citizens of this country are to increase or raise their awareness towards the Pollution due to which they are getting suffered, like they don’t know about sanitation and they keep dumping tonnes of liquid toxic waste in open-air in a city that causes nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhea etc.
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Question 423 Marks
"People have conflicting developmental goals". Support the statement with suitable example.
Answer
Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country's development. In fact, two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced such as tribes. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.
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Question 433 Marks
Name the state in India having the lowest Infant Mortality Rate.
Answer
Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. The state of Kerala has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate in India where 12 children died before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in 2015-2016.
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Question 443 Marks
“Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.” Is it true or not? Elucidate.
Answer
Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. Normally, money cannot buy us a pollution-free environment or ensure that we get unadulterated medicines. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.
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Question 453 Marks
Mention any three characteristics of development.
Answer
Characteristics of Development:
  1. What may be development for one may not be development for the others.
  2. For development, people look at mix goals.
  3. Income is the most important component of development but along with income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace and security, etc.
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Question 463 Marks
Look at the picture. What should be the developmental goals for such an area?

Answer
The developmental goals for such an area should be:
  • Availing the loan facility for poor people to make houses and toilets.
  • A secure ownership should be provided of the land on which they live.
  • Availing the services like electricity, water and sanitation.
  • Removing unemployment by providing more and more job opportunities.
  • Medical facilities and hospitals.
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Question 473 Marks
Look at data in Table 1.3 and 1.4. Is Punjab ahead of Bihar in literacy rate etc. as it is in terms of per capita income?
TABLE 1.3: PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES.
State
Per Capita Income for 2002-03 (in Rs)
Punjab
Kerala
Bihar
26000
22800
5700
TABLE 1.4: SOME COMPARATIVE DATA ON PUNJAB, KERALA AND BIHAR.
State
Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 (2003)
 Literacy Rate (%), 2001 Net Attendance Ratio for Class I-V (1995-96)
Punjab
Kerala
Bihar
49
11
60
70
91
47
81
91
41
Answer
TABLE 1.3: PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES.
State
Per Capita Income for 2002-03 (in Rs)
Punjab
Kerala
Bihar
26000
22800
5700
TABLE 1.4: SOME COMPARATIVE DATA ON PUNJAB, KERALA AND BIHAR.
State
Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 (2003)
 Literacy Rate (%), 2001 Net Attendance Ratio for Class I-V (1995-96)
Punjab
Kerala
Bihar
49
11
60
70
91
47
81
91
41
Explanation of some of the terms used in this table.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
Literacy Rate: Measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
Net Attendance Ratio: Is the total number of children of age group 6 - 10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
Yes, Punjab is ahead of Bihar in literacy rate.
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Question 483 Marks
It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in household and society increases. What conditions can encourage women to get engaged in paid works?
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Question 493 Marks
If the body mass Index is more than 25, then what the person would we considered?
Answer
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.
An individual with a BMI of more than 25 will be considered to be overweight.
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Question 503 Marks
How is the developmental report published by the World Bank and UNDP different?
Answer
The principles used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in the sense that it (UNDP) uses a combination of factors such as educational level of the people, their health status and per capita income as indicators of development. It does not rely solely on per capita income, as is the case with the World Bank.
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