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Question 16 Marks
Answer the following questions
(i) If a product price increases, a family's spending on the product has to increase. Defend or refute.
(ii) The demand for a good double due to 25% fall in its price. Calculate its price elasticity of demand
Answer
(i) When a product price increases, expenditure on the commodity will not increase in the situation when $E _{ d }>1$ (elasticity of demand is greater than unity). It will increase only in situation when $E _{ d }<1$. In a situation when $E _{ d }=1$, expenditure will remain constant, even when prices rise.
(ii) Percent Change in price $=25$ Percent
Let the demand be x
Demand after fall in price 2 x
Percent Change in Demand $=\frac{\text { Change in Demanded }}{\text { Old Demand }} \times 100$
$=\frac{2 x-x}{x} \times 100=\frac{x}{x} \times 100=100 \%$
Elasticity of Demand:
$\begin{array}{l}\left(E_d\right)=(-) \frac{\text { Percentage Change in quantity demanded }}{\text { Percentage Change in price }} \\ =(-) \frac{100}{25}=(-) 4 \\ \text { So, } E_d=(-) 4\end{array}$
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Question 26 Marks
What is meant by diminishing returns to a factor? Discuss any two reasons for the operation of diminishing returns to a factor.
Answer
Diminishing returns to a variable input referred to a stage in production when with the employment of more and more units of variable factor with the given fixed factor, marginal product (MP) decreases and total product (TP) increases at diminishing rate. Reasons for the decreasing returns to a variable factor are:
i. Over-utilisation of the fixed factor As we keep on increasing the variable factor along with the fixed factor eventually a position comes when the fixed factor has its limits and starts yielding diminishing returns.
ii. Improper coordination between Fixed and Variable factors After a certain level of employment, the production process becomes too crowded with the variable input and factor proportion tends to become less and less suitable for the production.
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6 Marks Question - Economics STD 11 Commerce Questions - Vidyadip