Psychology 1 Marks Question

It is a natural urge that energises behaviour. Whenever a need arises it creates a state of tension and one feels to take up some appropriate action to deal with the aroused state. When the goal is achieved by undertaking appropriate activity, it reduces the drive, and balance is regained.

• Self-actualisation refers to a person's fundamental tendency toward maximal realization of his potential.
• A basic concept in humanistic theories of personality developed by Maslow and Rogers.
• It is ability of an individual, to do what he or she is capable of doing for his/her personal growth.
• Self-actualised people are self-aware, socially responsible, creative, spontaneous and open to novelty and change, has a sense of humour and capacity for deep interpersonal relationship.

Motives are the general states that enable us to make predictions about behaviour in many different situations.

A need is a lack or deficit of some necessity.

• Considerable amount of non-verbal communication of emotion occurs through vocal expression like tone of voice, pauses, emphasis, rate of speech, even silence.
• These are called components of paralanguage that involves communication about and beyond the spoken words.

A drive is a state of tension or arousal produced by a need. It energises random activity. When one of the random activities leads to a goal, it reduces the drive, and the organism stops being active. The organisms returns to a balanced state.

Many times when we successfully complete some activity, we feel satisfied. The reward for successful completion of an activity does not lie outside, rather it lies within the individuals. This is called intrinsic motivation.

Frustration is an outcome of failure. It results from blocking of goal-directed behaviour. An anticipated desirable goal is blocked. When something prevents or hinders us from achieving a desired goal, it leads to frustration and frustration may lead to aggression. The obstacle may be environmental, personal or motivation.

Biological motives are those which are guided mostly by the physiological mechanisms of the body. Psychological motives are those which are primarily learned from the individuals interactions with the various environmental factors.

An instinct can be defined as an urge to do something. They are innate tendencies found in all members of a species that direct behaviour in predictable ways.

• Polygraph is a technique which detects small changes in the subject's nervous system, which it transduces into electrical signals that are recorded by pens resting on a moving roll of paper.
• In a typical lie detector test the person being tested is first asked a series of neutral control questions to establish base line.
• They are followed by questions that would indicate guilty knowledge –facts known only by the criminal.