Economics 1 Marks Question

1. Prime Minister's Rozgar Yojana.
2. Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana.

Economic growth leads to economic development only when it helps to eradicate poverty.

The minimum calories required for children below one year are 300 and for adults who perform heavy work, it is 3600.

In pre-independent India, Dadabhai Naoroji used the menu for a prisoner and used appropriate prevailing prices to arrive at 'jail cost of living'.

Landless agricultural labourers and cultivators with very small land holdings are examples of rural poor.

Unemployment and unequal distribution of wealth.

Public distribution system is a system under which fair price shops are set up in villages, towns and backward areas to distribute essential commodities, particularly foodgrains at subsidised prices.

Rapidly rising population is the single most reason of poverty in India.

Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Odisha.

3. i, ii, v, vi

The rural population is four times of urban population and poverty level is more in rural areas than urban areas. So, these programmes are targeted to rural areas.

National Sample Survey Organisation.

The key features of the poorest households are starvation, hunger, malnutrition and ill health.

Levels of income and consumption.

They identify them on the basis of their occupation and ownership of assets.

Rag pickers and beggars are some examples of urban poor.

Dadabhai Naoroji computed the average poverty line on the basis of the menu for a prisoner.

As the poor lack on the basic literacy and skills front they face unstable employment.

When the number of poor is estimated as the proportion of people below the poverty line, it is known as 'Head Count Ratio'.

They are the people who regularly move in and out of poverty. e.g. Small farmers and seasonal workers.

The poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas because of the overflow of the rural poor who migrated to urban areas in search of alternative employment and livelihood.

Those people who regularly move in and out of poverty are churning poor, e.g. small farmers and seasonal workers.

Poverty may be defined as the inability to secure minimum human needs related to food, clothing, housing, education and health.

False.
Explanation:
21.8 percent population was below the poverty line in the year 2004-05.

In pre-independent India, Dadabhai Naoroji was the first one to discuss the concept of poverty line.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has identified two categories of poverty which are explained below:

1. Income poverty which arises due to lack of necessities of material well-being.
2. Human poverty which is a denial of opportunity for living a tolerable life.

Relative concept of poverty helps to assess the level of inequality in the country. As per this concept, a comparison between the income level of top 5-10% with the bottom 5-10% is made, which reflects the relative standard of poverty. This concept of poverty indicates the relative position of different segments of the population in the income hierarchy.

Vicious circle of poverty implies that poverty is the cause of poverty. There are many vicious circles of poverty. One of them is depicted below:

I will apply under Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) for assistance. Under this scheme financial assistance is provided to set up small businesses to educated unemployed from lower income families in rural and urban areas.

No, I do not agree that it is not possible to eradicate poverty completely. In the world as a whole, there are plenty of resources to produce food but still there is hunger. Poverty in the present day world is more of a question of inequitable distribution of income and wealth. It is possible to eradicate poverty completely by complete re-distribution of existing resources and incomes.

The Gini Co-efficient was proposed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912 as a measure of inequality of income and wealth, i.e. as a measure of relative poverty. The coefficient varies between 0 which reflects complete equality, and I which indicates complete inequality. India's Gini Index is 0.339.