Geography 3 Marks Question

Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology:

1. Understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire.
2. Understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
3. The laws of aerodynamics are used to develop faster planes.

1. Human beings interact with their physical environment with help of technology.
2. With social and cultural development humans develop better and more efficient technology.
3. They more from a state of necessity to state of freedom.
4. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
5. The human activities create cultural landscape.
6. Nature provides opportunities and humans make use of them.
7. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere, health resorts on high land, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and lolling hills.
8. Slowly nature gets humanised and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour.

Humanisation of nature:

1. The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
2. With Social and Cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology.
3. Humans move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom.
4. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
5. The human activities create cultural landscape.
6. The imprints of human activities are health resorts, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts and satellites in the space.

The knowledge of laws of nature are highly valuable for mankind:

1. Better knowledge is developed because of better knowledge of laws of nature.
2. The understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped discover fire.
3. We use laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.
4. This law of nature, if known to man, are extremely valuable.
5. Harmony with their natural Environment.

1. Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface.
2. Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and unstable earth.
3. Conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it.
4. Human geography offers a new conception of the inter relations between earth and human beings.

Fields –

1. Social geography.
2. Urban Geography.
3. Political Geography.
4. Population Geography.
5. Settlement Geography.
6. Economic Geography.

Definition of Human Geography -
Human Geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and socio cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interrelation with each other.
Four examples of elements of material culture created by humans.

1. Houses.
2. Villages.
3. Cities.
4. Road -rail networks.
5. Industries.
6. Farms.
7. Ports.
8. Items of our daily use.

A Geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as No determinism or stop and go determinism it means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.
Example:-
Those of you who live in cities and those who have visited a city, might have been that traffic is regulated by light on the cross-roads.

1. Red light means 'stop'. amber light provides a gap between red & green lights 'to get set' and green lights means 'go'.
2. The concept shows that neither is there is situation of absolute necessity (environmental determinism) nor is the there a condition of absolute freedom (possibilism).
3. it means that human beings conquer nature by obeying it.
4. They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits modifications.

1. The understanding of concepts of Friction and Heat helped us discover fire.
2. Similarly, understanding of the secrets of D.N.A. and Genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
3. We use the laws of Aerodynamics to develop faster planes.
4. The people move from state of necessity to state of freedom.
5. The human activities create cultural landscape such as health resorts. urban sprawls. fields, orchards, pastures, ports, oceanic routes and satellites in the space.

1. The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
2. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology.
3. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom.
4. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
5. Nature provides opportunities and human beings make use of these and slowly nature gets humanised and starts bearing the imprints of human efforts and skills.

Examples are: the imprints of human activities are created everywhere - health resorts on highlands, huge urban sprawls, field, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the space.

New concept of Griffith Taylor in the field of Human Geography:
Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism.

1. Neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a condition of absolute freedom.
2. Human beings can conquer nature by obeying it.
3. Possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage environment.
4. Attempts to bring about a balance between environmental determinism and possibilism.
5. Example of traffic lights – red, amber (orange) and green.

Concept of Neodeterminism:

1. It is a concept of middle path between the Determinism and Possibilism.
2. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a condition of absolute freedom.
3. It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it.
4. It also conveys that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.

Approach to development without damaging the environment:

1. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.
2. Obeying nature is extremely important to develop technology and technology loosens the shackles of environment on human beings.
3. Man has to respond to the red signals and proceed to develop when nature permits Modifications.
4. The free run/ reckless approachbadly affects the environment.
5. It has resulted in greenhouse effect/depletion of ozone layer depletion/global warming/receding glaciers/degrading lands.

Nature and human beings are intertwined:

1. The nature & humans are inseparable.
2. In the natural environment, man has created social and cultural environment through mutual interaction.
3. Physical and human phenomena Physical and human phenomena are often described in metaphors like-face of the earth, eye of the storm, mouth of the river, snout of the glacier, profile of the soil, etc.
4. All these natural elements are inseparable from human beings.

The subject matter of the study of human geography:

1. To establish the relationship between the physical/natural and the Human worlds.
2. To study the spatial distribution of human phenomena.
3. To study the social and economic differences between different parts of the world.
4. To understand the earth as a home of human beings and to study all those elements which have sustained them.

Human geography studies the interrelationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment. Land forms, soils, climate, water, natural vegetation and diverse flora and fauna are the elements of Physical Geography. They affect houses, villages, cities road-rail networks industries, farms ports etc. They are the parts of Human Geography. They are created by human beings using the natural resources. While physical environment has been greatly modified by human beings. It has also, in turn impacted human lives.

Nature and human are inseparable. The earth is the home of mankind. It may be in different forms. All types of life supports are provided by nature. They directly depend on nature. Nature and humans are inseparable and should be seen holistically. Physical features are described in metaphors using symbols from the human anatomy. For example: face of earth, nose of glacier, eye of storm, mouth of river, neck of isthmus, profile of soil etc.

The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. They creats possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The human activities are created everywhere.
Examples-

1. Health resorts on highlands
2. Huge urban sprawls.
3. Fields
4. Orchards
5. Pastures in plains and rolling hills.
6. Ports on the coasts.
7. Oceanic routes on the Oceanic surface.
8. Satellites in the space.

Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. As the technology develops cultural development takes places which is clear from the following facts:

• The understanding of concept of friction and heat helped us discover fire.
• Understanding of the secrets of DNA ad genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
• We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.

Importance of knowledge of nature to develop technology.
Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology because human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws. For examples; the understanding of the concept of friction and heat helped us to discover fire. Understanding the secret of DNA and Genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases. We use the laws of aerodynamics to develop faster planes.

Environmental determinism refers to the point of view supporting.

1. environmental control on human action.
2. In early stage humans were greatly influenced by nature. They adapted to the dictates of nature.
3. The level of technology was very low. Accordingly history, culture, life style and stage of development of a social group and society are largely governed by physical factors of the environment.
4. The determinists consider humans as passive agents. Nature determines their attitudes, decision making and life styles. Interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature is a typical example.

Alternate Answer

The explanation of the concept with the help of any specific example may also be assessed as a whole.

Six approaches of human geography are:-

1. Exploration and description.
2. Regional analysis.
3. Areal differentiation.
4. Spatial organization.
5. Emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioural schools.
6. Post modernism in geography.

The primitive communities lived in complete harmony with their natural environment:

1. It is realized that in all such cases nature is a powerful force, worshipped, revered and conserved.
2. There is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them.
3. The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
4. With Social and Cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology.
5. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom.
6. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
7. They were afraid of the fury of nature.

Physical environment: Physical environment has been greatly modified by human beings.

1. The physical environment & socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction.
2. The physical environment has set the stages for human beings to act upon it.
3. The humans created houses, roads, parks, industries etc.
4. The humans created these items by using resources provided by nature.

Various fields and sub-fields of human geography are as follows:

1. Social Geography: Under this, Behavioral Geography, Geography of Social Well-being, Geography of Leisure, Cultural Geography, Gender Geography, Historical Geography and Medical Geography are studied.
2. Political Geography: Under this, Electoral Geography and Military Geography studied.
3. Urban Geography: Under this, we study the planning of towns.
4. Settlement Geography: Under this, we study the planning of towns and villages both.
5. Population Geography: Under this, demography is studied.
6. Economic Geography: Under this, geography of resources, agriculture, tourism, industries, marketing and international trade, etc. are studied.

The primitive communities lived in complete harmony with their natural environment:
The primitive society live in complete harmony with their natural environment.
It is realized that in all such cases nature is a powerful force, worshiped, revered and conserved.
There is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them.
The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology.
They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom.
They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
They were afraid of the fury of nature.

The knowledge and understanding of the laws of nature are extremely valuable to human kind. Human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. Possibilities can be created within the limits which do not harm the balance of nature. The developmental steps which the developed countries had taken initially have resulted in greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading lands. So it is imperative for us to use the natural resources in a judicious manner for sustainable development.

It is important to know with the help of what tools and techniques do humans produce and create. Technology indicates the level of educational development of society. Human beings were able to develop technology after they developed better understanding of natural laws.

• The understanding of concepts of friction and heat helped us discover fire.
• Understanding of the secrets of DNA and genetics enabled us to conquer many diseases.
• The laws of aerodynamics are used to develop faster planes.
• Knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology. Technology loosens the shackles of environment on human beings.

With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology. They create new possibilities with the environment. Nature provides opportunities and humans avail of these opportunities. It is called ‘Possibilism’. Nature gives an opportunity and man sustains it. In this way, gradually humanisation of nature takes place and imprints of human activities become visible.
Example; health resorts on highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards, etc.

Human geography studies the interrelationship between the physical environment and socio cultural environment. Land forms, soils, climate, water, natural vegetation and diverse flora and fauna are the elements of Physical Geography. They affect houses, villages, cities road-rail networks industries, farms, ports etc. They are the parts of Human Geography. They are created by human beings using the natural resources. While physical environment has been greatly modified by human beings. It has also, in turn impacted human lives.

• Human geography is the study of changing relationship between the un-resting man and the unstable earth,
• Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between -human societies and earth’s surface.
• Human geography offers a new conception of the inter relationships between earth and human beings.

Four fields of human geography—Social geography; Urban geography; Political geography; Population geography.

Humanisation of nature:

• The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time.
• With Social and Cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient technology.
• Humans move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom.
• They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment.
• The human activities create cultural landscape.
• The imprints of human activities are health resorts, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts and satellites in the space. (Any three points to be explained)

In this statement, the thought of Possibilism in which man was taken as free, uncontrolled and master of unlimited powers has been criticized because as a consequence of free run of developed economies many problems are being faced today like green house effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers, degrading lands, problem of pollution and incurable diseases.

On the basis of attained knowledge, technology and industries, man has been able to develop cultural landscape. The imprints of human activities are available everywhere.
For example; health resorts on highlands have been used as recreation places, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling hills have added to beauty, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the space have enabled man to touch the heights of the sky. This was coined the term “Possibilism.’.

Human geography attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. Thus, human geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with sister disciplines in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth. With the expansion of knowledge, new sub-fields emerge and it has further expanded realm of human geography.
Example; Within social geography there are following sub fields with the interface with sister disciplines of social sciences:
Behavioural geography-Psychology
Geography of social well-being- Welfare Economics
Geography of Leisure-Sociology
Cultural Geography-Anthropology
Gender Geography-Sociology, Anthropology, Women’s Studies Historical Geography-History Medical
Geography-Epidemology

Some sub-fields of human geography are:
Behavioral geography, Geography of social well-being, Geography of leisure, Cultured geography, Gender geography, Historical geography, Medical geography, Electoral geography, Military geography, Geography of Resources, Geography of agriculture, Geography of industries, Geography of Marketing, Geography of Tourism and Geography of international trade.

Human geography is defined as “the relationship between the physical/ natural and the human worlds, the spatial distribution of human phenomenon and how they come about, the social and economic difference between different parts of the world.” According to Ratzel “ Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth’s surface”.
According to Ellen C. Semple “Human geography is the study of the changing relationships between the unresting man and unstable earth”
According to Paul Vidal de la Blache “Conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it.”

Yes, I agree.
The basic aim of Science and Social Science is to understand the reality of the nature. History helps in knowing the man-made activities; Physics helps to calculate the effect of climate on man. Economics helps to understand the effect of human activities on the development of the country. The geographical factors modified the course of history. The change in the climate has influence on the occupation. All branches of Physical Geography have close relation with Natural Sciences.
Biogeography has close link with Zoology and Botany. Mathematics and Arts have also contributed to the development of Geography to measure the area and dimensions of the earth. Cartography and projections are based on mathematics. History of geographical thought is the mother of all branches of Geography. Sociology, Political Science, Economics provide the aspects of social reality. Population geography has close link with demography.

The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (Environmental Determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (Possibilism). It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits the modifications. It implies that possibilities can be created within such limits which does not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.