Political Science 2 Marks Question

1. India chose the policy of Non Alignment as it desired to be independent and sovereign in keeping and maintaining the foreign relations.
2. The policy of Non Alignment is helping India to keep the balance of power.
3. India could get the help from both the Super powers.

Suggested measures:

1. Cultural exchanges by prominent personalities.
2. Economic cooperation should be encouraged by both the countries.
3. Movement of citizens to interact and understand each other.

Non-aligned posture served India’s interests in at least two ways:

1. Non-alignment allowed India to take international decisions and stances that served its interests rather than the interests of the superpowers and their allies.
2. India was often able to balance one superpower against the other. If India felt ignored or unduly pressurized by one superpower, it could tilt towards the other, neither alliance system could take India for granted.

Jawahar lal Nehru's considered to the architect of modern India. Apart from his careful handling of India’s tumultuous domestic situation in the years immediately after the In the Independence, Nehru’s major contribution lies in the field of foreign policies. In fact, Nehru determined India’s international profile to a great degree in the post-independence years, in his capacity as the foreign minister of India. Jawaharlal Nehru’s foreign policy has been made subject to much controversy and debate, like his economic policies. However, taken in the context of India’s newly found status as a democratic republic, Nehru’s foreign affairs policies seem to be extremely apt.

In the civil-war of 1970 in Pakistan, thousands of people were killed by the Pakistan army. This led to a large-scale migration into India, creating a huge refugee problem for India. The govt. of India supported the demand of east Pakistan and helped them financially and militarility. This resulted in a war between India and Pakistan. The war ended with the formation of Bangladesh.

• During the War of 1971.
• India needed diplomatic and possibly military support during the Bangladesh crisis.

India did not sign the C.T.B.T. because it was:

1. Selectively applicable to the non-nuclear powers.
2. Legitimised the mono play off five nuclear powers.

It is relevant to:

1. Check U.S.A. the only super power from taking unilateral decisions.
2. The issues like democracy, disarmament, human rights etc are as relevant today as earlier.
3. Present a united front at various world forums.

The state shall endeavour to:

1. Promote international peace and security.
2. Maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
3. Foster respect for International Law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another.
4. Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Military and moral helps was given to India by the US in the 1962 war. the aim was to check the spread communism.

1. Non-alignment.
2. Panchsheel.
3. Good relations with neighbouring countries.
4. Independent foreign policy.
5. World Peace.

In 1972, Shimla Agreement was signed to normalise relations between India and Pakistan. Its signatories were Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Prime, Minister Z.A. Bhutto.

Causes of Kargil Conflict:

1. Occupation by forces, claiming to be mujahideens, on the Indian side of L.O.C. in Mashkoh, Dras, Kaksar and Batalik areas.
2. Involvement of the Pakistani Army.

Directive Principles of State Policy relating to foreign policy:

1. To promote international peace and security.
2. To maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
3. To foster respect for International Law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another.
4. To encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Contribution of the Non-Aligned Movement:

1. Provided a third option of not joining the Cold War politics.
2. Newly independent countries were able to take international decisions and stances that served their interests.
3. They were able to balance both the Super Powers.
4. They were able to preserve their sovereignty and independence.