Psychology 2 Marks Question

A dreamlike state separating self from reality is known as Depersonalisation/ Dissociative Disorder.

Extreme pain without any identifiable biological symptom is an example of Pain/ Somatoform disorder.

Interactional approach to psychological disorders:

1. Bio-psycho-social approach.
2. All three factors i.e. biological, psychological and social play important roles in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders.

Separation-anxiety disorder: An internalising/ behavioural disorder unique to children.
Alternate Answer
Symptoms: Prominent symptom is excessive anxiety/ panic experienced by children at being separated from their parents and,

1. Difficulty being in a room by themselves.
2. Going to school alone.
3. Fearful of entering new situations and clings to and shadow their parents’ every move.
4. To avoid separation, children with SAD may fuss, scream, throw severe tantrums or make suicidal gestures.

A dreamlike state separating self from reality is known as Depersonalisation/ Dissociative Disorder.

A dreamlike state separating self from reality is known as Depersonalisation.

False.

In binge eating, there are frequent episodes of out of control eating.

Pervasive development disorder– characterised by severe and widespread impairments in social interactions and communication skills and stereotyped patterns of behaviours, interests and activities. e.g. Autism.

Bipolar mood disorder.

Obsessive.

Humanistic - Essential Model for Psychological Disorders:
This model focuses on broader aspects of Human Existence.
According to Humanists:
Human beings are born with a natural tendency to be.

1. Friendly.
2. Cooperative.
3. Constructive.
4. Human beings are driven to attain self-actualisation stage. It is fulfilment of potential for goodness and growth.

According to Existentialists:

• Since birth man has total freedom to give meaning to his existence i.e. feels responsibility.
• Man also has freedom to avoid that responsibility.
• Those who do not own responsibility would live empty, inauthentic and dysfunctional life.

If humanistic and existentialist aspects of life are in disharmony, then abnormal behaviour develops.

Agoraphobia.

Pain disorder.

Separation – Anxiety Disorder:

• Internalising disorder unique to children, where the child experiences excessive anxiety or panic at being separated from parents.
• Symptoms – Children have difficulty being in a room by themselves, going to school alone, fearful of entering new situations and cling to and shadow their parents every move.

Interactional approach of psychological disorders (Bio-Psycho-Social Approach).
The biological, psychological and social factors for explaining abnormal behaviour converged in recent years to form the Interactional Approach. These play important roles in influencing the expression and outcome of psychological disorders.

Phobia - Irrational fears related to specific objects, people or situations.

• Specific phobia.
• Social phobia.
• Agoraphobia.

Constant motion, fidget, squirm, climb and run around the room aimlessly, driven by a motor, always on the go, talk incessantly.

Delusions are irrational beliefs that are held despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
Alternate Answer
A delusion is a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds and has no basis of reality.

Delusion of Persecution.

Delusion of Reference.

Delusion of Grandeur.

Delusion of Control.

False.

Delusion.

Well Being– is not simply maintenance and survival but also includes growth and fulfilment i.e. the actualisation of potential.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder–
Obsessive behaviour is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea/topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful.
Compulsive behaviour is the need to perform certain behaviours over and over again.
e.g.– counting, ordering, checking, touching, washing etc.

Bipolar mood disorder.

Obsessive.

Socio - cultural model:
Socio-cultural factors such as war and violence, group prejudice and discrimination, economic and employment problems and rapid social change can lead to psychological disorders.
Behaviour is shaped by societal forces, factors such as family structure and communication, lack of social support, social networks, societal conditions and societal labels and roles are important.

4. Autism.

Pain disorder.

Agoraphobia.

Substance dependence - Intense craving for the substance addicted to.

• Shows tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and compulsive drug taking.
• The substance is psychoactive – Can change mood, thinking process and consciousness.

4. Conversion disorder.

Well being

1. Not simply maintenance and survival.
2. Includes growth and fulfilment.
3. Actualization of potential.

Alternate Answer

1. For well being, people have constructive attitude.
2. Also have a lot of emotional and social support.
3. People learn to survive healthily by managing stress and pressures.

Anorexia Nervosa

• Eating disorder generally prevalent among young people.
• Individual has a distorted body image that leads him/her to see himself/herself as overweight, often refusing to eat, exercising compulsively and developing unusual habits such as refusing to eat in front of others, they may loose large amount of weight and may even starve to death.
• Individual develops a notion that eating will lead to his/her becoming overweight and hence develops anorexia nervosa.

Four characteristics of hyperactive children:

1. Constant motion.
2. No sitting still.
3. Child may fidget, squirm, climb and run around the room aimlessly as if driven by’ a motor.
4. Always on the go and talks incessantly.

Eating disorder.
Distorted body image of being over - Weight.
Symptoms refusing to eat, exercising compulsively, refusing to eat infront of others, may loose large amounts of weight, even starve to death.