Psychology 2 Marks Question

Extreme cohesiveness in group results in Groupthink.

Extreme cohesiveness in groups results in Groupthink.

Instrumental perspective suggests that physical environment exists mainly for use by human beings for their comfort.

An out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify.

Audience.

Compliance– behaving in response to a request from another person or group even in the absence of a norm.

Cohesiveness.

Ingroup refers to one's own group. For ingroup members, we use word ‘we' Persons in the ingroup are generally supposed to be similar, are viewed favourably and have desirable traits.

False.

Group polarisation.

Bandwagon Effect- Is one of the causes of group polarisation. In a company of like-minded people, one is more likely to hear newer arguments favouring one’s viewpoints. When one finds other’s also favouring one’s viewpoints, one feels that one’s view is validated by the public.

True.

Two characteristics of groups:

• Social unit consisting of two or more individuals.

• Who perceive themselves as belonging to the group.
• A characteristic to distinguish one group from the other.

• Collection of individuals who have common motives and goals.
• A collection of individuals who are interdependent.
• Individuals–trying to satisfy a need.
• A gathering of individuals who interact with one another–directly or indirectly.
• A collection of individuals whose interactions are structured by a set of roles and norms.

True.

Group Polarisation- The strengthening of the group's\initial position as a result of group interaction and discussion, is referred to as group polarisation.

Group	Team
Performance is dependent on contribution of individual member.	Both individual contribution and team work matters.
The leader holds the responsibility for the work.	Leader and members hold themselves responsible.

False.

Bandwagon Effect - is one of the causes of group polarisation.
In a company of like-minded people, one is more likely to hear newer arguments favouring one’s viewpoints. When one finds other’s also favouring one’s viewpoints, one feels that one’s view is validated by the public.

Audience.

Stages of group formation:

1. Forming.
2. Storming.
3. Norming.
4. Performing.
5. Adjourning.

Cohesiveness.

Norms: Norms are expected standards of behaviour and beliefs established, agreed upon and enforced by group members. They may be considered as a group's "unspoken rules."
Alternate Answer
Standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person's score on the test to the scores of others who have taken the same test.

False.

Group polarization.

Obedience is a form of behaviour in response to a person in authority. In obedience one does not necessarily follow a group norm but carious out an order or instruction.

Determinants of cooperation and competition–

• Reward structure.
• Interpersonal communication.
• Reciprocity.

Social Loafing- is reduction in individual efforts in working on collective task i.e. in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members.
Alternate Answer
Explaining this with the help of an example - tug of war, clapping etc.

1. Cooperation.

Social loafing is a reduction in individual’s efforts when working on a collective task i.e. task in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members. It is not whole - hearted involvement of an individual in a task performed by many at a time. e.g. tug of war, clapping by students in morning assembly, or any other suitable example.

True.

Definition of Social Loafing:-
Social Loafing is a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective’ task i.e. one in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members.

In-group.

1. Group Polarisation.

Less conformity is found under private expression than it is seen under public expression.