Biology 1 Marks Question

Commensalism: Commensalism is an interaction between two species in which one species gets benefited while the other remains unaffected. An orchid growing on the branches of a mango tree and barnacles attached to the body of whales are examples of commensalisms.

Corals

Camouflage: It is a strategy adapted by prey species to escape their predators. Organisms are cryptically coloured so that they can easily mingle in their surroundings and escape their predators. Many species of frogs and insects camouflage in their surroundings and escape their predators.

Man, (Homo sapiens)

Mutualism: It is an interaction between two species in which both species involved are benefited. For example, lichens show a mutual symbiotic relationship between fungi and blue green algae, where both are equally benefited from each other.

Interspecific competition: It is an interaction between individuals of different species where both species get negatively affected. For example, the competition between flamingos and resident fishes in South American lakes for common food resources i.e., zooplankton.

Black bear

Symbiosis/Mycorrhizae/Mutualism.

Conduits of energy transfer to the next trophic level/prey population is kept under control/helps in biological control/maintains species diversity.

When volume is considered surface area is large, loss of heat is more in cooler regions/difficult to generate more heat.

Small animals have larger surface area relative to their volume loose heat very fast, due to small size, expend much energy to generate body heat through metabolism.

(In nature) a given habitat has enough (limited) resources to support a maximum possible number, no further growth in population is possible

Absorbs phosphorus, provide resistance to root borne pathogens, enhanced to tolerate salinity/drought.

Snail and Fish.

(Many species of) Zooplankton, unfavourable condition.

Feed on plant parts/plant sap.

0.1, individuals per fruitfly per week.

Eicchornia crassipes/water hyacinth.Stagnant water/Eutrophic/nutrient enriched water bodies/polluted with nutrients.

Transport/ to reach new food sources, protocooperation.

In seed-bearing plants, the seeds and other vegetative reproductive structures serve to tide over the unfavourable conditions, they germinate to form new plants under favourable conditions.

Green algae or plants are not found beyond a certain depth, as light (not all colour components of visible spectrum) is not available.

Homeostasis enhances the overall fitness of organisms because all biochemical reactions and physiological functions proceed with maximal efficiency.

Soil composition, grain size and aggregation.

Eurythermal.

Amensalism and commensalism.

The problem is severe in case of plants as they cannot run away from the predators.

If the unfavourable (stressful) conditions are for a short duration and if the animals are not able to migrate, they hibernate during extreme winter to avoid the stress by escaping in time.

Parasitism has evolved because it ensures free lodging and food to the organism.

Predation.

Sucker fish and shark is commensalism.

Competitive release is a phenomenon in which a species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area because of the presence of a competitively superior species, is found to expand drastically when the competing species is removed.

Flowering in plants and migration in animals.

1. Rotation of earth around the Sun.
2. Tilt of the earth on its axis.

Bamboo; Pacific Salmon Fish.

Dragonfly.

Mammals from colder climates generally have shorter ears and limbs to minimize heat loss. This is called Allen's rule.

The human liver fluke requires two intermediate hosts, i.e. freshwater snail and fish to complete its life cycle and facilitates parasitisation of its primary host.

In all these, the interacting species live closely together and one of the species is benefitted.

Competitive release is a phenomenon in which a species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area because of the presence of a competitively superior species, is found to expand drastically when the competing species is removed.

The mammals are most successful animals on earth because they can maintain a constant body temperature with high range of tolerance whether in Antarctica or in Sahara desert.

Immigration and natality influence population density.

It is amensalism.

Keoladeo National Park.

The birth rate of frog population is 40/200, i.e. 200 per thousand or 20 percent or 0.2 per individual.