Social Studies [2 Mark Questions]

All parallel circles from the Equator up to the Poles are called parallels of latitudes.
The lines of references running from the North Pole to the South Pole are called meridians of longitudes.

The mid– day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the tropics. The angle of the sun‘s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. As a result, the places between tropics to Arctic and to Antarctic Circle have moderate temperature.

Two features of the Torrid Zone: The 'Torrid' means 'hot' and lies roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. The Sun is practically overhead throughout the year that is why it is known as the Torrid Zone.

The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is known as the Torrid Zone. The mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all the latitudes in this area; hence, this area receives maximum amount of heat.

A globe is a true model of the earth. Globes can be of varying sizes and types. Big ones are those which cannot be carried easily, small pocket globes and balloon globes that can be inflated, are handy and are carried with ease.

The mid- day sun is exactly overhead at least once in a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. Therefore, this area receives maximum heat.

The equator is the largest circle on the globe as it cuts the earth (globe) exactly in half. As the earth is a geoid and distance decreases toward the poles, the earth's circumference is maximum at the equator.

It lies close to poles. In this zone the sun does not rise much above horizon so its rays are always slating and provides less heats. That is why these zones are very cold.

Decrease time in his watch.

This is because India is located at 82.5 degree lies east of London which is at 0 degree longitude .Sun moves at 15 degree per hour or one time zone per hour speed from east to west . so it takes 5.30 hours by sun to reach London from India . That is why there is a difference of 5.30 hours.

The difference between the Parallels of Latitude and the Meridians of Longitude is given below:

S.No	Parallels of Latitude	S.No	Meridians of Longitude
(i)	These are imaginary circles. They run parallel to the Equator in it’s North and South.	(a)	These are imaginary semi-circles. They run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
(ii)	Their number is 180.	(b)	Their number is 360.

Latitudes and longitudes are expressed in degrees. However, the increments of less than one degree can be expressed as a decimal or minutes and seconds. There are 60 minutes in a degree and 60 seconds in a minute. Longitudes can be written with an E or W for east or west. Latitudes have N or S for north or south.

The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area, therefore, receives the maximum heat and is called the ‘Torrid zone’.

The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at last once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area is called Torrid Zone and receives maximum heat.

Since earth moves 360° in 24 hours, then, 15° in an hour and 1° in four minutes. 30° east means 30 × 4 = 120 minutes ahead of Greenwich. This implies when at 30° east time is 2 PM, and then at Greenwich time will be 2 PM – 2 hours = 12 PM

Two features of the Frigid Zone: Frigid Zone lies between the Arctic and Antarctic circles and the poles. These are as get the slanting rays of the Sun, so they are the coldest areas on earth.

The time difference between India and England is of 5.30 hours.
• If it is noon in England, it is 5.30 p.m. in India because time is ahead in India than in England by 5.30 hours.
• This can be calculated in the following manner :
      • Difference between 0° longitude and 82½ E longitude = 82½°
      • Time in the East is ahead by 4 minutes on passing every meridian
      • Hence time ahead 82½ x 4 = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours.

Time is measured by the movement of the Earth. The Earth is rotated on its axis. For one rotation, it takes 24 hours, it means the Earth is rotated 360° in 24 hrs. It means 15° in a hour or 1° in 4 minutes. Accordingly, the Earth has been divided into 24 time zones of one hour each.
The places which are situated in the east of Greenwich Meridian experience day or Sunrise earlier than the places lying west to the Greenwich Meridian. Thus, time is ahead in the east than the west places at the rate of 4 minutes per degree of longitude.