Social Studies [2 Mark Questions]

Talk to the elders in your neighbourhood and try to gather information about the women who own property/ properties. Once you have some names, meet these women and talk to them about how they acquired their properties.

In today's world technology such as computers, mapping software and GIS (geographic information system) software had done wonders to the land records department. The data is easily available to the people and is regularly updated.

A particular police station works for a particular area and all people living in that area are to report any crime, theft, accident or injury of any kind and fights, in their own police station only. The officers also take action on the cases within their jurisdiction. It is the duty of police working at that police station to ensure that they don’t overstep their jurisdiction.

The objective of the Programme was to set up a network of basic services and facilities of social consumption in all the areas upto nationally-accepted norms, within a particular time- frame.

According to this law, women in India can get a share in the family's agricultural land. The daughter is allotted the same share as is allotted to a son. The government passed this act to remove gender discriminatory provisions in the Hindu Succession Act of 1956.

Courage, confidence, sympathy for victims of crime and weaker sections, capacity to withstand extended working hours, stress management, respect for law, and cool temperament are some of the attitudes needed by the police officers to carry out their jobs effectively.

The Hindu Succession Amendment Act (HSAA) gives the Hindu sons and daughters, an equal right to ancestral property. It is different from the HAS of 195(5 which was biased towards Hindu sons.

The Collector is the principal Revenue Officer and Head of the Revenue Administration in the district. He exercises appellate jurisdiction in revenue cases. The recovery of arrears of land revenue in respect of all Departments is the responsibility of the Collector.

The main functions of the District Collector are as follows- Collector is in charge of law and order administration in the district. He/ She performs the supervisory role over the Police Administration. He/ She advises the Government on various aspects of law and order. He is the pivotal figure in carrying out the developmental programmes.

The public services that are available in the villages of India are the milk society, the fair price shop, the bank, the police station, the agricultural society for seeds and fertilizers and the post office etc.

The relation between the Gram Panchayat and the Patwari is a close one. The Gram Panchayat is responsible for levying and collecting local taxes, while the Patwari is responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from farmers.

Till a few years back, woman in Hindu family did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land or ancestral property. After the death of the father, all the land and property was divided equally amongst only the sons of the family and the daughters were denied a share.

SHO is the Station House Officer of an area. He is responsible for maintenance of law and order in the area under the jurisdiction of his police station. He gets FIR filed in case of a complaint and either himself or through his constable gets the matter investigated to take an appropriate action.

The objective of the Programme was to set up a network of basic services and facilities of social consumption in all the areas upto nationally-accepted norms, within a particular time- frame.

The new law of succession- Hindu succession Amendment Act, 2005. In the new law, sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the family property.

India is a vast country with a vast land area. There are more than six lakh villages in India. It is not easy to provide basic necessities like water, electricity and roads to all these villages. It is a tough task involving a lot of effort and expenditure. To keep villages on track, it is necessary to maintain law and order in the village and keep a record of its land and revenue. This is the task of rural administration.

Maintenance of law and order and registering cases of burglary, quarrels and accidents in the police station, conduct investigation on the matters reported and take appropriate legal action.

The Patwari is responsible for measuring land and keeping and updating land records. He is also responsible for organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers and providing information to the government about the crops grown in the area.

'Chowkidar' in a village keeps birth and death record and also works as a messenger between people and gram Panchayat or any government agency related with the welfare of the village.

Government of India has introduced “Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005”. In the new law sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land. The same law will apply to all states and union territories of the country.
The Hindu woman’s limited estate is abolished by the Act. Any property possessed by a Hindu female is to be held by her as her absolute property and she is given full power to deal with it and dispose it off by will as she likes. Parts of this Act were amended in 2005 by the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005.

Main works of Patwari are :
1. Maintaining the details of map of the village.
2. Measuring agricultural fields.
3. Maintaining the records of lands.
4. Collection of land revenue from the farmers and
5. Providing information to the government about the crops grown in the concerned area is the work of Patwari.

The property can be acquired in the following ways :
• A person can buy property from his own earnings. If the woman is employed and has saved enough, she can buy her own property.
• A woman can get a share in the property, after the death of her husband.
• A woman can inherit property, after the death of the father or the mother, if they have not left any SvilP or stating how the property is to be divided between the sons and daughters.

The police do the following to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area especially during festivals, public meetings etc.
• They deploy an additional Police force.
• They increase vigil.
• They deploy quick communication techniques.
• They increase search work.
• They increase surveillance.

• The poem is trying to raise the issue of inheritance of daughters and mothers in the property of their father/husband.
• I think this issue is an important issue as daughters after marriage are harassed for more dowry and money as they do not inherit a share in’ the property of their father or husband.
· If they inherit their father’s property they can do enough to meet both ends.
· No inlaws’ family would harass them for dowry if they inherit a share in the property of their husband.

The tehsildars are the revenue officers working under the District Collector. The work of the tehsildar is
1. To hear disputes regarding land.
2. To supervise the work of the Patwari and ensure that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
3. To make sure that farmers cm easily obtain a copy of their record.
4. Students can obtain their caste certificates from him.

Works of a Patwari (Any two) :
• To measure land
• To maintain and update records of land 0 To collect revenue (Lagaan)

1. It is the responsibility of the police to register all cases of theft, accident, injury, fight, etc.
2. The police have to investigate and take action on the cases within its area.

• Farmers may require a copy of this (land) record
· When they want to sell their land.
· When they give it on partnership.
· When they get crops raised on it.
· When they want to divide it among their heirs.
• When a farmer wants to buy a plot of land from another, he has to get his name entered in the revenue records after it has been registered in his name.
• Not required.
• The farmer will put the papers as mortgaged with the bank.
• Not required.
• He will require the records for dividing the land among his children and register the plots in their name as per divisions.

(i) Patwari in Delhi : ((Lekhpal in U.P.). in)
(ii) (a) A group of villages.
(b) The Patwari fixes the days in each village. Usually, Panchayat President’s office is his office. People can contact him in this office.