Information Technology [5 marks Questions]

Now-a-days, computer has been employed in almost all the aspects of professional and personal life of human beings. Some of the areas where computers are being used are as follows:

1. Education Computer has proved to be an excellent teacher. Educational institutes are using computers in many ways like tele-education, virtual classroom, online classes etc.
2. Science Scientists have been long users of computer. A new adventure among scientists is the idea of a collaboratory (Internet based collaborative laboratory) in which researchers from all over the world can work together easily even at a distance.
3. Industry Computer is used to control manufacturing systems and continuous running of the machinery. Parameters like
   temperature, pressure, volume are monitored and controlled by computers. Robotics developed with the help of computers which plays a very crucial role.
4. Recreation and Entertainment Computers in recreation and entertainment are the ones that are divided into various categories, i.e. social, communication, sports, music and games. Thus, people look forward to the entertainment for recreation, so that they can reduce their stress and strains of their complex machined like schedules.
5. Government Various departments of the Government use computers for their planning, controlling and law enforcement activities, e.g. budgets, weather forecasting, income tax department etc.
6. Health Computer plays a very crucial role in this area. Activities like scanning, X-ray, tele-medicine, patient monitoring, patient records and diagnosis etc., are performed with the help of computers.
7. Multimedia It is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, animation, audio and any other media, where each type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.
8. Banking Computers are used’in banks to keep the records of customer’s accounts. It also provides online accounting facility which includes current balances, deposits, overdrafts, interest charges etc. e.g. ATM facility.
9. Military Personnel Computers are used for the crucial tasks like determining the weather, computing the trajectories of missiles, smart weapons etc.
10. Business Using a wide range of business software, a company’s marketing division can produce sales forecasts and devising new strategies, e.g. payroll calculations, budgeting etc.
11. E-Commerce Traditionally, commerce is seen as the exchange or buying and selling of goods and services, which involves exchange of money and sometimes transportation of goods. Electronic commerce (E-Commerce) that takes place between businesses is referred to as Business-to-Business or B2B.
12. Publication Computers has made publication process an easy one. Without computer, the different parts of a publication-text, illustrations and graphics must be created individually, then cut out and pasted down to form a page layout.

An input device is used to enter data or information into the computer for processing, e.g. a keyboard. OCR is an input device used to convert handwritten text into machine readable format. It reads the characters with the help of a light source and photoelectric cells.
The technology is being developed for greater accurate recognition which is also known as Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR).