Science Answer the questions.[Bio-2M]

1. Symptoms of mastitis include high fever, swelling of udders, and watery milk production.
2. Symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease include appearance of blisters on mouth and foot causing extreme soreness of these parts, loss of appetite, increase in secretion of saliva, high fever with shivering, and inability to work.

1. General utility breeds of cow:

General utility breeds of cow refer to those breeds of cow that are raised for multiple purposes such as providing milk as well as helping in agricultural tasks. Some of the following are the general utility breeds:

1. Ongole (Andhra Pradesh).
2. Kankrej (Gujarat).
3. ​Tharparkar (Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh).

2. Breeds of buffalo:

There are 10 breeds of buffaloes in India that are raised for a higher yield of milk. Some of these are as follows:

1. Murrah: Original breed of Haryana and Punjab.

2. Mehsana: Breed of Gujarat.

3. Surti: A native breed of Kaira and Vadodara district of Gujarat.

1. Fertilizers are very rich in plant nutrient whereas manure contains small amounts of essential plant nutrients.
2. Fertilizers are soluble in water whereas manure is not soluble in water.

1. Fever with appearance of nodules on skin (in cowpox).
2. Irritation, blisters, and eruptions on the skin surface (in dermatitis).
3. Fever with body swelling and reduced milk secretion (in anthrax).
4. Fever and diarrhoea with blood clots (in salmonellosis).

1. The shelters should have roofed sheds which protects them from rain, heat, direct sunlight and cold.
2. The floor of cattle shed is made brick-lined and sloping for faciliating cleaning and keeping their sitting place dry.
3. The sheds or shelters should be provided with cross ventilation with sufficient number of inlets and outlets.
4. The shelters are provided with feeding passage and feeding trough.

1. Proper cleaning and sanitation.
2. Spraying disinfectants regularly.
3. Appropriate vaccination on a regular basis.

1. It increases the production of honey.
2. Wax collected from the beehives helps in various medicinal preparations.
3. They provide propolis and balms that are used in repairing and fastening of comb.
4. Poison of bee is used in manufacturing of Ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines.

1. It helps in the cultivation of crops.
2. In desert areas where there is scarcity of water, it is supplied through irrigation practices to prevent drought.

3.  Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.

Explanation:

Use of any quality seeds is not sufficient until they are properly irrigated, enriched with fertilizers and protected from biotic factors. Hence, option (c) will give the most benefits.

1. Proper shelter facilities and their regular cleaning.
2. Some basic hygienic conditions such as clean water, nutritious food, etc.
3. Animals are kept in spacious, airy, and ventilated place.
4. Prevention and cure of diseases at the right time is ensured.

• Abiotic factors like moisture (present in food grains), humidity (of air) and temperature.
• Biotic factors like insects, rodents, birds, mites, bacteria and fungi.

1. They should yield high quantity of honey.
2. They should not sting much.
3. They should stay in the beehive for long durations.
4. They should breed very well.

• Good quality and quantity of milk can be produced.
• Draught labour animals can be produced for agricultural work.
• New variety that are resistant to diseases can be produced by crossing two varieties with the desired traits.

1. It is cost-effective as different varieties of fishes are cultured at the same price.
2. It increases the yield of fish in terms of variety.

1. Nitrogenous fertilizers: These fertilizers supply the macronutrient nitrogen.

Example: Urea, CO(NH₂)₂.

2. Potassic fertilizers: These fertilizers supply potassium which is one of the essential macronutrient of the plants.

Example: Potassium sulphate, K₂SO₄.

3. Complex fertilizers: These fertilizers contains two or more nutrients.

Example: Nitrophosphate.

1. Manures are natural fertilizers.
2. Manures are bulky sources of organic matter which supply nutrients in small quantity and organic matter in large quantities.

1. It improves soil structure.
2. Increases water capacity.
3. It does not form toxins and pollution in environment.
4. It is biodegradable and renewable.

1. The two ways of obtaining fish are:

1. Capture fishery. Fish is caught from natural waters both marine as well as inland (freshwater bodies).
2. Culture fishery.Fish is grown in water bodies through human efforts. The mature is harvested.

2. Major problem of fishery (or fish farming) It is procurement of pure seeds of high quality fish. This problem has been solved through hypophysation or hormonal treatment of selected fishes in breeding period.

1. Pomphret.

1. Tuna.

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• Temperature.
• The growing season.
• Altitude.
• Rainfall.
• In the Mediterranean crop growth is affected by the summer drought despite high annual rainfall.

1. It causes water logging.
2. It increases salinity in the soil.
3. The roots do not get proper aeration due to which they die.

1. Selection of a healthy and tough animal having high milk yield.
2. Collection of semen from the selected animal.
3. Preservation of semen by freezing or chemical methods.
4. Injecting semen into the genital tract of the female animal during fertility period.