Science M.C.Q-[Bio-1M]

1. It is caused by Salmonella.

Explanation:

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's spread when a person with active TB disease in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the expelled droplets, which contain TB bacteria.

4. Leukemia.

Explanation:

A disease that is not contagious is called a noninfectious disease. These diseases are not caused by pathogens. Instead, they are likely to have causes such as lifestyle factors, environmental toxins, or gene mutations.

4. Typhoid.

Explanation:

Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness. The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and are then spread to other people in the area.

1. Allergy.

Explanation:

An allergy is a non-communicable disease and is a medical condition that makes a person feels unwell, when they eat or come in contact with allergens. It does not spread from one person to other.

2. AIDS- bacterial infection.

Explanation:

AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).

3. Tetanus.

Explanation:

Tetanus, also called lockjaw, is a serious infection caused by Clostridium tetani, this bacterium produces a toxin that affects the brain and nervous system, leading to stiffness in the muscles.

3. Streptomycin.

Explanation:

Streptomycin is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. It inhibits protein synthesis and causes the death of microbial cells. It is a useful broad-spectrum antibiotic.

1. Virus.

Explanation:

Swine flu, also known as the H₁N₁ virus, is a relatively new strain of an influenza virus that causes symptoms similar to the regular flu. It originated in pigs, but is spread primarily from person to person. Swine flu made headlines in 2009 when it was first discovered in humans and became a pandemic.

1. Symptom.

Explanation:

If pain is often caused by problems in a particular organ. The most common cause of localized pain is stomach ulcers (open sores on the inner lining of the stomach). Cramp-like pain may be associated with diarrhea, constipation, bloating, or flatulence.

1. Protozoan.

Explanation:

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus.

2. Liver.

Explanation:

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It affects liver.

2. Housefly.

Explanation:

Flies collect pathogens on their legs and mouths when females lay eggs on decomposing organic matter such as feces, garbage and animal corpses. House flies carry diseases on their legs and the small hairs that cover their bodies. It takes only a matter of seconds for them to transfer these pathogens to food or touched surfaces. Mature house flies also use saliva to liquefy solid food before feeding on it. During this process, they transfer the pathogens first collected by landing on offal. Diseases carried by house flies include typhoid, cholera and dysentery.

4. All of these.

Explanation:

Infectious diseases are transmitted from person to person by direct or indirect contact. Certain types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can all cause infectious disease. Malaria, measles, and respiratory illnesses are examples of infectious diseases.

4. All the above.

Explanation:

Depending upon the type of disease, the symptoms can be one or all of them in chronic disease.

3. Tuberculosis.

Explanation:

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB). Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.

4. Congenital disease.

Explanation:

Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors). Hemophilia A, also called factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency or classic hemophilia, is a genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor VIII, a clotting protein.

4. All the above.

Explanation:

Health is the presence of social, personal, physical and mental well being. It is due to presence of all attributes that makes a human being healthy.

4. Congenital disease.

Explanation:

The term harelip is usually perceived as insulting because it compares the deformity in humans to the normal cleft lip of a hare. The accepted term for this medical condition is cleft lip.

4. Iodine.

Explanation:

A swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland is called a goitre.

1. Typhoid.

Explanation:

Symptoms of typhoid include high fever, headache, stomach pain, weakness, vomiting and loose stools.

3. Malaria.

Explanation:

Malaria is transmitted from man to man by the female anopheles mosquito, one of the most capable vectors of human disease. Malaria is caused by a one-celled parasite called a Plasmodium. Female Anopheles mosquitoes pick up the parasite from infected people when they bite to obtain blood needed to nurture their eggs. Inside the mosquito the parasites reproduce and develop. When the mosquito bites again, the parasites contained in the salivary gland are injected and pass into the blood of the person being bitten.

Infectious diseases spread from one infected person to other normal person by various methods.

1. Air-borne diseases–For example: common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Such disease causing microbes are spread throughout the air. The transmission of these microbes occurs through the little droplets coughed out by an infected person who sneezes or coughs. A person in the vicinity of such a person can inhale these disease causing microbes and may become infected.

2. Water-borne diseases–For example: Cholera, Infectious diseases can also spread through water. These occur when a stool from someone suffering from an infectious gut disease, such as cholera or amoebiasis, gets mixed with the drinking water used by people living nearby. The cholera-infested bacteria can enter new hosts through the water they drink and can cause disease in them.

3. Sexually-transmitted diseases–For example: Syphilis and AIDS. Both of these pathogens are transmitted by sexual contact from one partner to the other. However, such sexually transmitted diseases are not spread by casual physical contact.

4. Formite borne diseases–Articles coming in contact with the patients act as sources of infection. For example: door handles, taps, garments, utensils, crockery, etc.

5. Spread of disease through vectors: Many animals which live with us may carry diseases. These animals can transfer infecting agents from a sick person to another potential host. Thus, these animals act as intermediaries or vectors. For example–Female Anopheles mosquitos are vectors of disease, malaria.

1. Common cold.

Explanation:

Transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing. droplet contact–coughing or sneezing on another individual; direct physical contact–touching an infected individual.

Human beings live in societies. Our social environment therefore plays an important role in our individual health. In villages, towns or cities, our physical environment is decided by our social environment.

For example: If there are heaps of garbage and trash littered here and there, or if there is open drain water lying stagnant around where we live, the possibility of poor health increases. So, public cleanliness is an important contribution to an individual’s health.

Some other community issues that influence health are:

• Community issues like child marriage can affect the health of the girl the baby born to an underage girl.
• Lack of education of the community to sex related issues can also cause sexually transmitted diseases.
• Bad treatment with the underprivileged sections of the society can also cause mental problems.

Social equality and harmonious relationships among our population are necessary for the individual health. Thus, we see that there is an overlap of personal and community issues for health.

2. Are present from time of birth.

Explanation:

A congenital disorder, also known as a congenital disease, deformity, birth defect, or anomaly, is a condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause.

1. Acute disease.

Explanation:

The common cold is a viral infectious disease that infects the upper respiratory system. It is also known as acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza. Being the most common infectious disease in humans, the cold is mainly caused by coronaviruses and rhinoviruses.

4. Public hygiene.

Explanation:

It is the availability of clean drinking water that is important and considered as public hygiene. Clean drinking water leads to well being of individuals and society at large.

2. Tuberculosis.

Explanation:

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis. In countries where tuberculosis is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as close to the time of birth as possible.

4. Small intestine.

Explanation:

Ascaris lumbricoides is the "giant roundworm" of humans, growing to a length of up to 35cm (14 in). It is one of several species of Ascaris. An ascarid nematode of the phylum Nematoda, it is the most common parasitic worm in humans. The eggs hatch in the intestines, burrow through the gut wall, and migrate to the lungs via the blood.

4. Droplets.

Explanation:

Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides), which is a species of roundworm. Roundworms are a type of parasitic worm. Infections caused by roundworms are relatively common. Ascariasis is the most common roundworm infection.

4. All the above.

Explanation:

Protozoan infections are parasitic diseases caused by organisms formerly classified in the Kingdom Protozoa. They include organisms classified in Amoebozoa, Excavata, and Chromalveolata.

3. Vector.

Explanation:

A disease vector is any agent (animal, or microorganism) that carries and spreads disease.

3. Single strand RNA.

Explanation:

Retrovirus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a DNA intermediate.

4. All of the above.

Explanation:

HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. You can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV. Another common way of getting it is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV.

1. Reduction to number of helper T-cells.

Explanation:

White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV infects and destroys certain white blood cells called CD_4⁺ cells. If too many CD_4⁺ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.

4. All the above.

Explanation:

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by infections that are passed from one person to another during sexual contact. These infections often do not cause any symptoms. Medically, infections are only called diseases when they cause symptoms. That is why STDs are also called "sexually transmitted infections." But it’s very common for people to use the terms "sexually transmitted diseases" or "STDs," even when there are no signs of disease.

3. Pathogen.

Explanation:

There are many ways a communicable disease can spread. It can spread through exchange of body fluids like blood, tattoos or direct or indirect contact like skin, mouth, nose cough or cold.

3. Staphylococcus.

Explanation:

The Staphylococcus genus includes at least 40 species. Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora.

1. Hypertension.

Explanation:

The most common chronic condition is high blood pressure.