Social Science 4 Marks Each

The planning to build large dams across the rivers and to use its water for irrigation, hydroelectricity, flood control, controlling the soil erosion, internal transportation, fishery entertainment, etc. called Multi-purpose Project. After Independence,many multi-purpose projects are planned over many rivers. The lollowing are major objectives of multipurpose projects: To construct canals from the reservoirs created due to the dams, to develop the irrigation In the country and to increase—the production of food grains. Produce hydro-electricity from the dam water and develop agriculture and industries. To supply water to industries and large settlements. By controlling the devastating floods in the rivers, the soil erosion along the river banks should be controlled and prevent the complete destruction. Take out large canals from the reservoirs and develop internal waterways. Fishing centres should be established along the reservoirs and fishery should be developed. Forests should be developed along the river banks and wildlife should be protected. Green fodder should be produced and animal husbandry should be developed. Provide clean potable water to the cities and villages nearby from the reservoirs. Create beautiful spots for the entertainment of tourists by building gardens near the dams.

‘Rain water harvestlng is necessary for increasing the volume of ground water. Here the rain water is collected through the construction of wells, weirs, khet talavadi, etc. This results in the accumulation of water in the sub-strata and the ground water level is raised. The stored rain water can be used in many ways. The major purposes of ‘Rain water harvesting’ are as follows: To coop with the Increasing demand of water. To reduce the water flowing away without any use. To save the roads from storm water. To raise the ground water level by increasing Its volume. To reduce the pollution of ground water and raise its quality. To coop with the requirements of water during summer and longer and drier spells. To prepare under ground water tanks to conserve rainwater from the roof tops of multi-storeyed buildings in larger cities and on the roofs of larger building complexes. Some of the methods to conserve rain water are less expensive also. These include the construction of larger pits to fill water, to dig deep drains around the farms, to construct weirs on smaller rivers, etc.

The planning to build large dams across the rivers and to use its water for irrigation, hydroelectricity, flood control, controlling the soil erosion, internal transportation, fishery entertainment, etc. called Multi-purpose Project. After Independence,many multi-purpose projects are planned over many rivers. The lollowing are major objectives of multipurpose projects: To construct canals from the reservoirs created due to the dams, to develop the irrigation In the country and to increase—the production of food grains. Produce hydro-electricity from the dam water and develop agriculture and industries. To supply water to industries and large settlements. By controlling the devastating floods in the rivers, the soil erosion along the river banks should be controlled and prevent the complete destruction. Take out large canals from the reservoirs and develop internal waterways. Fishing centres should be established along the reservoirs and fishery should be developed. Forests should be developed along the river banks and wildlife should be protected. Green fodder should be produced and animal husbandry should be developed. Provide clean potable water to the cities and villages nearby from the reservoirs. Create beautiful spots for the entertainment of tourists by building gardens near the dams.

The planning to build large dams across the rivers and to use its water for irrigation, hydroelectricity, flood control, controlling the soil erosion, internal transportation, fishery entertainment, etc. called Multi-purpose Project. After Independence,many multi-purpose projects are planned over many rivers. The lollowing are major objectives of multipurpose projects: To construct canals from the reservoirs created due to the dams, to develop the irrigation In the country and to increase—the production of food grains. Produce hydro-electricity from the dam water and develop agriculture and industries. To supply water to industries and large settlements. By controlling the devastating floods in the rivers, the soil erosion along the river banks should be controlled and prevent the complete destruction. Take out large canals from the reservoirs and develop internal waterways. Fishing centres should be established along the reservoirs and fishery should be developed. Forests should be developed along the river banks and wildlife should be protected. Green fodder should be produced and animal husbandry should be developed. Provide clean potable water to the cities and villages nearby from the reservoirs. Create beautiful spots for the entertainment of tourists by building gardens near the dams.

The following factors should be considered for water management: The water shQuld be used economically to water the plants In the garden, to wash the vehicles, for taking bath and in the toilets and bathrooms. The water duly purified through various processes should not be used for such purposes. Create awareness about water conservation and management among the people and Include the concerned people. Reservoirs should be saved from pollution, because it takes years to make a descent reservoir which is spoiled due to pollution. If possible, attempts should be made to re-use the used water. Keep a watch on the units using ground water. Increase the use of units of water harvesting structures such as well, tube-wells, khet talavadi, etc. Keep the pipelines filled with water to avoid the pollution in the pipelines meant for water supply, and in case of any damage, repair it immediately so that there is no pollution from the damaged portion and the water does not flow out.

The following factors should be considered for water management: The water shQuld be used economically to water the plants In the garden, to wash the vehicles, for taking bath and in the toilets and bathrooms. The water duly purified through various processes should not be used for such purposes. Create awareness about water conservation and management among the people and Include the concerned people. Reservoirs should be saved from pollution, because it takes years to make a descent reservoir which is spoiled due to pollution. If possible, attempts should be made to re-use the used water. Keep a watch on the units using ground water. Increase the use of units of water harvesting structures such as well, tube-wells, khet talavadi, etc. Keep the pipelines filled with water to avoid the pollution in the pipelines meant for water supply, and in case of any damage, repair it immediately so that there is no pollution from the damaged portion and the water does not flow out.

‘Rain water harvestlng is necessary for increasing the volume of ground water. Here the rain water is collected through the construction of wells, weirs, khet talavadi, etc. This results in the accumulation of water in the sub-strata and the ground water level is raised. The stored rain water can be used in many ways. The major purposes of ‘Rain water harvesting’ are as follows: To coop with the Increasing demand of water. To reduce the water flowing away without any use. To save the roads from storm water. To raise the ground water level by increasing Its volume. To reduce the pollution of ground water and raise its quality. To coop with the requirements of water during summer and longer and drier spells.

The remedies to conserve the water resources are as follows: The first necessity to conserve the water resources Is Its judicious use. Second necessity Is Its conservation. Construction of more reservoirs for water conservation, transferring the water from the river basin containing more water to the river basin having less water and the attempts to raise the ground water level, etc. are necessary for water conservation. Water Is a national property It Is the duty of the Government to see that it Is distributed judiciously for entire country. If there Is any interstate water dispute, it should be solved at the earliest, so that the construction of reservoirs by building the dams across the rivers Is not delayed. Development of ‘Watershed regions’ and ‘Rain water harvesting’ are very Important remedies for the conservation of water resources.