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Geography Que-Ans: [3 Marks Each]

Atmosphere · Gujarat Board (GSEB) STD 11 Arts (GSEB - English Medium). 11 questions.

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Que-Ans: [3 Marks Each]

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11 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 23 Marks
Write a short note on global warming.
Answer
The atmosphere around the earth.
This atmosphere has seen an increase in temperature over the last several years.
This process of global warming is called global warming.
The sun's rays pass through the atmosphere and reach the earth's surface directly.
First warms the earth's surface.
Then the atmosphere slowly warms up.
When the sun's rays are reflected from the earth's surface and pass through the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs the long-wavelength "infrared" rays and reflects them back to the earth.
As a result the earth and the atmosphere get warmer.
This effect is called the greenhouse effect.
Carbon dioxide gas having such an effect is called greenhouse gas.
Other greenhouse gases are methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, etc.
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Question 33 Marks
Discuss the outcome of climate change.
Answer
The consequences of climate change are as follows.
$(1)$ As global temperatures rose, the boundaries of glaciers began to decrease, so sea levels began to rise.
$(2)$ Irregularity of rainfall is felt in some regions of the earth's surface.
Such as flood situation due to heavy rains in some regions, water scarcity due to drought in some regions.
Sometimes unseasonal rains also occur.
$(3)$ Climate change has adversely affected the sowing and harvesting of crops.
As a result effects are seen on farm production.
Hence its indirect effects on the entire economy of those regions.
$(4)$ The thinning of the ozone layer increases the amount of sun's ultraviolet rays, leading to an increase in cancer, dermatitis, cataracts, and other diseases.
$(5)$ Some natural phenomena such as floods, droughts, cyclones, landslides, avalanches, dense fog, hailstorms, etc. experience an increase in irregularities and excesses.
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Question 43 Marks
Explain the difference between weather and climate.
Answer
Weather is the average condition of a place for a single period of time or a fixed period of time.
During this short period the weather of that period can be determined from the conditions of sunlight, temperature, pressure, wind conditions and velocity, humidity, fog, mist, clouds etc. at that place.
Climate is the average long-term atmospheric condition of any region.
This period is usually $35$ years or more.
The climate of that foreign country is determined from the average conditions of these long-term winter and summer climates.
In short, climate is the average and integrated form of long-term atmospheric conditions over many years.
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Question 73 Marks
Write a short note: Ozone Cover.
Answer
  • A total of four atmospheric mantles include turbulence mantle, isotope mantle, meteorological mantle and heat mantle.
  • The "ozone layer" is located at an altitude of $32$ to $48\ km.$
  • The sun's very hot ultraviolet rays are absorbed here before they reach the earth's surface.
  • Ozone gas is just one component of oxygen gas.
  • One atom of oxygen has two atoms.
  • While one atom of ozone has three atoms.
  • So it is one and a half times heavier than oxygen.
  • Lightning flashes oxygen molecules into ozone.
  • Ozone gas is healthy for humans.
  • While there is a killer gas for insects.
  • This air starts the atmosphere.
  • Meteors ignite as they pass through the mantle.
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Question 83 Marks
Specify the main difference between Agitation Cover and warming.
Answer
The main difference between turbulence and warming is as follows.
Sr. No Agitation Cover Sr. No Heating
$1.$ The Agitation Cover mantle is the first mantle of the atmosphere closest to the earth's surface. $1.$ Heating is the most final covering of the atmosphere.
$2.$ The average height of this mantle is estimated to be about $10\ km$ above the earth's surface. $2.$ This mantle is about 80 degrees above the Earth's meridian boundary in space until the atmosphere ends.
$3.$ In this cover air movement, wind turbulence, heat change, clouds, rain, electricity etc. are felt. $3.$ The celestial meteorites in this mantle are burned and destroyed by friction, thus protecting the earth from meteorite damage.
$4.$ The air temperature in the turbulence boundary area of the turbulence mantle stabilizes and the air remains calm. Therefore, this area is considered suitable for the flight of aircraft. $4.$ Due to the constant beating of space rays in the atmosphere, air molecules become electrically charged, so this coating of the atmosphere becomes very useful for sound transmission.
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Question 93 Marks
Millions of concrete evidence of climate changes in the past.
Answer
  • Climate is always changing.
  • It changes over time as follows.
  • According to a study by scientists, the pre-Cambrian era $600$ million years ago, a large part of the earth's surface was covered with ice.
  • Thus four major ice ages were experienced on Earth over a period of thousands of millions of years.
  • The average temperature on Earth was about $22\ C$ at a time when the climate was mostly humid and hot except after the ice age.
  • The average temperature on Earth today is estimated to be about $14^\circ C.$
  • $8000$ years ago the climate on earth was hot and humid.
  • The desert of the Sahara, the desert of India and Pakistan, etc. were green areas. Due to the dry and hot climate phases around $3000$ to $1700,$ these areas turned into deserts.
  • The climate of the Northern Hemisphere was warm from $1885$ to $1940.$
  • After $1940$ the Earth's temperature dropped.
  • A severe famine struck the southwestern part of the Americas in the $1930s.$
  • The duration of crop seasons in England was reduced from $9$ to $10$ days between $1850$ and $1966$ due to climate change.
  • Provides an overview of past climate changes following the remains of animals and plants that have survived in different climates.
  • In addition to the annual circles growing in the trunks of large trees, river and glacier sediments found in desert or desert habitats, changes in the surface of sea and lakes and changes in permanent glaciers and significant effects on the land surface in the past.
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Question 103 Marks
Explain about heating.
Answer
  • The level of air at an altitude of about $80$ to $640 \ km$ above the meridian is called the "warmth" or "heat cover".
  • In this layer of the atmosphere the air is extremely thin and extremely hot.
  • Meteorologists call this part of the atmosphere "ionization."
  • He sends this cover back to Earth to the waves of radio broadcasting.
  • So this cover is very important for radio broadcasting.
  • Sometimes "meru jyoti" taking shape in the atmosphere is formed in this cover.
  • Space meteors are destroyed by friction within this mantle.
  • This layer of the atmosphere protects the Earth from meteorite damage.
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Question 113 Marks
Explain the embarrassment cover.
Answer
  • The first layer of the atmosphere starting from the earth's surface is called the turbulence layer.
  • The cover extends to a height of $16 \ km$ on the tropics, $12 \ km$ on the temperate regions and about $8 \ km$ on the polar regions.
  • Another notable aspect of this cover is as follows.
$(1)$ Atmospheric storms, movement of air, lightning, clouds, rain as well as whirlwind are felt in this cover.
$(2)$ The air temperature decreases as we get higher from this cover.
$(3)$ The upper surface of the turbulence cover where the temperature stops falling is called the "turbulence limit".
  • The air temperature in this border area remains almost constant.
$(4)$ The movement of air in this area also slows down.
  • Therefore, this area is considered very suitable for the flight of aircraft.
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Que-Ans: [3 Marks Each] - Geography STD 11 Arts Questions - Vidyadip