Geography Que-Ans: [2 Marks Each]

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• In the mountains, rocks are broken by glaciers at higher altitudes than the ice line, as well as in areas of central and high latitudes.
• Thus changes in temperature and frost cause cracks in the rocks.
• This is called "physical or mechanical rupture".
• Plants, humans, animals and even some organisms play a role in this type of erosion.
• The roots of the plant go deep into the soil.
• In the same way some animals make their own rates by carving out soil and rocks.
• This breaks the rocks.
• Humans also try to get minerals out of rocks by breaking them.
• All these activities involve physical erosion.

Due to the deeper groundwater, a layer of lime is formed on the roofs of the caves and on their bottoms, forming a downward and upward column. When these two pillars join, a cave pillar is formed.

The special landscape formed by submerged holes formed by groundwater is called "cast landscape".

Groundwater or groundwater forms subterranean holes, submerged cracks and doloins, underground caves, falling and ascending columns, etc.

The winds blowing from the same direction form a moon-shaped sand dune in the deserts. It is called "Barkhan". It is high in the middle and extends in the shape of horns on both sides.

When the river floods during the monsoon season, the silt of the river spreads along the banks. Thus, the deflection function of the river is called "flood plain".

The plains at the foot of the mountain formed by the erosion of the river are called "fan base plains".

Volcanic and metamorphic rocks have fragmentation, while porous rocks have particle fragmentation.

The process by which chemical reactions such as oxidation, carbonation, hydration, and solution bring about chemical conversion to rock mass through chemical decomposition is called "chemical erosion".

In China, plains formed by yellow clay winds are known as the "Plains of Loes".

This type of shore is called a "fjord" when the beach is cut and grooved by glacier erosion.

The deposition of wind forms land shapes such as sand dunes, barracks, as well as plains of loess.

The mountainous state of a river is the passage of a river from the hilly regions to the plains or foothills. During this stage, river erosion creates landforms such as "V" shaped valleys, ravines, waterfalls etc.

The dynamic forces that change the surface of the earth include wind, ocean waves, ground water etc.

The constant erosion of dynamic forces causes the mountains, the plateau to be eroded and leveled. In which shallow rocks erode rapidly. While solid rocks are found to be slowly eroding and surviving in place. Such plains are called Penn plane.

A plateau that has high mountains on one side and slopes going to low plains or beaches on the other side is called a mountainous province.

A plateau that is surrounded by a mountain range is called an inter-mountain plateau.

Vesuvius of Italy, Etna, Kilimanjaro of Kenya, Fujia of Japan, Mayon of the Philippines, Kakatoano of Indonesia, Pop capital of Mexico and Cotopaxi and Chimborazo of Ecuador are world famous volcanic mountains.

At the time of a volcanic eruption, lava, ash, rock, fragments, etc., thrown out of the earth's crust accumulate around the volcano, forming a high cone-shaped cloud over time. He calls it a volcanic mountain.

The process of erosion and erosion rocks break down into fine particles in the form of particle separation.

The mouth triangle is formed by the accumulation of abundant silt in the stream where the river meets the sea. The plain near the sea formed by the silt of the river is called the plain of the "mouth triangle" region. This ground is considered to be excellent for crops as it is more fruitful than other plains.

Occasionally there is a crack in the rocky surface of the earth's surface due to an underground ice movement. The part between the two vertical fissures rises as a mountain due to pressure which is called "continent mountain".

Gads or wrinkles appear on the subsoil due to the pressure of geological forces from both sides on the rocky terrain of the subsoil. This is called "Gad mountain" when it rises as a high mountain on the surface of the earth due to more pressure on the Gad levels.

The process of movement in the Earth's crust due to changes in the Earth's internal heat and pressure. This is called "earth movement". There are two types of geo-circulation. Slow geo-movement and strong geo-movement.

Dynamic factors such as river, glacier, wind, ocean waves, etc., usually move the material released from the rocks by erosion and erosion in their flow or velocity. As the carrying capacity of the factors along the way slows down, the additional burden spreads again on the surface. This action is called "deposition".

Factors like river, glacier, and wind break weak rocks through erosion work so the carrying load is released. The act of moving or carrying a broken cargo from one place to another is called "transport".

Dynamic factors such as rivers, glaciers, winds, ocean waves, groundwater, etc., erode or break the lands that fall during their passage through physical and chemical processes. This process is called erosion.

Mountains, highlands and plains are the main landforms.

Mountains, plains, cracks, etc. due to the effect of internal forces.

Where the glacier melts, there are scattered clouds of green, round, rock fragments along the glacier. This pile of stones is called Him Ashmavali.

The continents and oceans are first-class landforms.