Que-Ans: [5 Marks Each]

Question 15 Marks

What is distribution of temperature ? Discuss the horizontal distribution of temperature.

Answer

Temperature distribution:

There are oceans and continents on the surface of the earth.

There are deserts, snow-capped regions, plains, forests, mountains, natural regions on the continents.

Different types of surfaces receive different amounts of sunlight.

Thus, the temperature of the atmosphere also varies.

$(1)$ Horizontal distribution of temperature:

The horizontal distribution of temperature on the earth's surface is influenced by factors such as latitude, distance from the ocean, ocean currents, wind direction, and altitude.

Empty $1$

$2$ Exercise $Q3$ TextBook Mention the factors influencing distribution of temperature and explain effects of latitude and distance from sea. Mention the factors influencing distribution of temperature and explain effects of latitude and distance from sea.

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Question 25 Marks

Mention the factors influencing distribution of temperature and explain effects of latitude and distance from sea.

Answer

self practice

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Question 35 Marks

Explain heat budget of the Earth.

Answer

Every square foot on the surface of the earth every day.
About $700$ calories of solar energy is available over an area of km.
It is the total solar energy received in the upper layers of the atmosphere.
Much of it is destroyed before it reaches the earth's surface.
About $15\%$ of the sun's energy is reflected back into space by clouds. And about $25\%$ of solar energy is absorbed by water vapor and water particles.
$33\%$ of the sun's energy is reflected back into space by clouds and about $25\%$ of the sun's energy is dispersed.
Of which $9\%$ returns to Earth in the form of heat dissipated in space and $16\%$ in all four directions.

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Question 45 Marks

Explain the effects of angular distance and length of day on the distribution of insolation.

Answer

Angular length of sun rays:

Because our earth is so spherical, the angular length of the sun's rays is not always the same.

Because of this, not all places on earth have the same sunshine.

The sun's rays are perpendicular to the tropics.

Hence, more sunshine is found here.

In the region of mid-latitude as well as in the region of higher latitude than the region of lower latitude, the sun's rays are seen gradually as the sun's rays fall diagonally.

The sun's rays fall vertically on some of its slopes in the mountainous region. So there is a shadow on the opposite slope.

The slope of the mountainous region therefore affects the distribution of sunlight.

Sunshine is more common in the afternoon during the day.

And since the sun's rays are diagonal in the morning and evening, the amount of sunshine is less.

Length of day:

The length of the day has a direct effect on the degree of sunburn.

The length of the day and the seasons vary with latitude.

Where the length of the day is longer there is more sunshine.

Days are longer in summer than in winter. So the earth gets more sunshine in the summer season.

Furthermore, both the angular height of the sun and the length of the day are most favorable in the region where the sun is most favorable.

For example, on June $21,$ the sun's rays fall directly around the $30$ degree north latitude.

That day is the longest day on these latitudes.

So that region gets the most sunshine.

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Question 55 Marks

State the density of the atmosphere and the effect of soil and water on the distribution of sunlight.

Answer

Atmospheric density on solar distribution:
The sun's rays pass through the atmosphere and come directly to the earth's surface.
These rays of the sun pass through the atmosphere.
About $40$ to $50$ percent of the sun's rays are then absorbed into the atmosphere.
Some amount of sunburn is also reflected.
Thinner environments absorb less sunlight and dense environments absorb more sunlight.
The thinner the atmosphere at the equator, the more sunlight there is, and the denser the atmosphere at the poles, the less sunlight there is.
Thus, the rate of solar eclipse moving from the equator to the poles is found to be decreasing.
Diagonal rays pass through a large area of the atmosphere.
Therefore, more sunshine is absorbed. As a result, less sunshine is found in central and high latitude regions.
The sun's rays pass through a small area of the atmosphere.
Hence there is less heat absorption.
More sunshine is found in lower latitudinal regions.
In addition, the amount of clouds, vapor, particles, etc. affect the sun.
Land and water:

The earth's surface is made up of land areas and water bodies.
Although the surfaces of both receive the same amount of heat from the sun, they do not heat up evenly due to material differences.
Since water is a liquid, it is sold in large quantities through heat currents, waves, tides, etc.
Moreover, since the water is transparent, the sun's rays can penetrate deeper.
Since the surface of the water is relatively glossy, some of the sun's rays are reflected.
As a result the water heats up slowly.
Since the soil is a solid, the heat from the sun is not distributed over the entire surface.
Since the soil is opaque, the heat of the sun gets to the surface completely.
So the ground heats up quickly.
Thus, the heat absorption capacity of land and water is different.
Since the land and water areas on the earth's surface are unequally distributed, there is a lot of variation in the area of solar eclipse.

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Question 65 Marks

Discuss the factors affecting temperature.

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Question 75 Marks

What is temperature distribution? Discuss the horizontal distribution of temperature and the vertical distribution of temperature.

Answer

Temperature distribution:
There are oceans and continents on the surface of the earth.
There are deserts, snow-capped regions, plains, forests, mountains, natural regions on the continents.
Different types of surfaces receive different amounts of sunlight.
Thus, the temperature of the atmosphere also varies.

$(1)$ Horizontal distribution of temperature:

The horizontal distribution of temperature on the earth's surface is influenced by factors such as latitude, distance from the ocean, ocean currents, wind direction, and altitude.
Temperatures are odd as the sun's rays move diagonally from the equator to the north or south poles.
The difference between the daily period and the annual period of temperature is more in continental land areas.
While the temperature of the land areas near the coast remains the same.
The cold and warm currents of the oceans that affect the temperature of the coastal areas of that region.
In areas where cold currents flow, the temperature of the coastal region is low and in areas where hot currents flow, the temperature of the coastal region is high.
In addition, areas where y is hot and dry winds have high temperatures and where cold and dry winds are y.
Temperatures remain high in that area.
Factors such as forest size, site height, soil type, cloud size, etc. also affect the temperature distribution.

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Question 85 Marks

Explain the effects of latitude and distance from sea by stating the factors affecting temperature distribution.

Answer

Give the following factors affecting the temperature distribution.

$(1)$ Latitude:

The sun's rays are always perpendicular to the equatorial region.
So the temperature stays high here for many months.
When the sun's rays move diagonally from the equatorial region to the polar region.
Moreover one has to go through more area of the atmosphere.
Thus, the heat of the sun's rays is less felt in the polar regions.
The sun's rays are perpendicular to Cancer in June and to Capricorn in December.
So these areas have the highest temperatures in months.
The temperature is very low in the polar regions as the sun's rays are very diagonal.

$(2)$ Distance from sea:

Soil warms faster than water and cools faster.
Therefore, temperatures in continental areas away from the coast remain low in winter and high in summer.

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Geography Que-Ans: [5 Marks Each]

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