Questions

Prepare Notes [Final Exam]

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6 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 15 Marks
(3) Read the following passage and prepare notes for the same.

Pheasants are shy, charming birds known Dup for their brilliant plumage. These beautiful birds occupy an important niche in nature's scheme of things. Of the 900 bird species and 155 families, the pheasants belong to the order Galliformes and family Phasinidae. The Galliformes are known as game birds and this includes, pheasants, partridges, quails, grouse, francolins, turkeys and megapodes

There are 51 species of pheasants in the world and these are shown in the identification chart brought out by the Environment Society of India (ESI). The purpose of this chart is to create awareness among members of the school ecoclubs under the National Green Corps (NGC) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

Except for the Congo Peafowl, all the other pheasants are from Asia. Scientists believe that all pheasants originated from the Himalayas, and then scattered into Tibet, China, Myanmar, South and South East Asian countries as well as the Caucasus Mountains.The jungle fowl and the peafowl spread to South India and Sri Lanka long before the early settlers established themselves in the Indo-Gangetic plain.

About a third of all the pheasants in the world are found in India. The male blue peafowl (the peacock) is the best known member of the pheasant family and is India's national-bird It occupies a prominent place in India's art, culture and folklore.

Answer
Ans. • Pheasants - Shy birds with bright plumage found largely in Asia, especially India.

• Origin in the Himalayas and spread in China. Myanmar. Sourth and SE Asia.

• Order: Galliformes - game birds; Family: Phasinidae No. of species: 51 (ESI chart)

• Purpose of ESI chart - Creating awareness among schooleco-clubs under NGC.

• Peacock India's national bird, member of this family, represented in India art, culture and folklore.

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Question 25 Marks
(2) Read the following passage and prepare notes for the same.

The energy stored in coal and petroleum originally came to the earth from the sun. The bulk of the present-day supplies was laid down Osome 200 to 600 million years ago, when tropical conditions were widespread. Lush, swampy forests produced huge trees; warm coastal seas swarmed with microscopic forms of life. When these organisms died, much of their tissue was recycled as it is today through scavenging and decay. But a significant amount of dead plant and animal material was covered with mud, which prevented complete decomposition.

With the passage of time, layer upon layer of the fine sediment was deposited over the once-living material; the sheer weight turned the sediments to rock. Sandwiched between the layers, both coal and petroleum were produced and preserved under pressure. Coal was formed mostly of giant fern-like plants that have only small counterparts today. Coal may still be forming here and there on earth, but conditions are not right for the production

Answer
Storage of energy from sun in coal and petroleum

• Deposit of bulk of supplies 200-600 million years ago

•Teeming life in tropical conditions

• Death of life forms, leading to recycling through decay

• Prevention of total decomposition by considerable dead plants, animals being covered with mud

• Solidification of sediment leading to rock-formation over time

• Production of coal, petroleum by compression of organic matter between rocks

• Unsuitability of present-day conditions for coal- formation

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Question 35 Marks
The epidemic of heart attacks has been attaining alarming proportion in recent times causing grave concern specially to the medical fraternity.

To control the increasing death and disability from heart attacks and to focus on public awareness and their involvement at global level, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Heart Federation observed September 24th as the World Heart Day.

What causes heart attacks? Dr H.S. Wasir, Chief Cardiologist and Medical Director, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre lists four main habits which adversely affect the heart health. These are lack of physical exercise, wrong eating habits, cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and stressful lifestyle.
The importance of physical exercise in minimising the incidence of heart attacks cannot be underestimated. "Physical exercise," says Dr Wasir, "plays a major role in achieving a long and healthy life in general and prevention of heart attacks in particular.

" What type of physical exercise and how much, one may ask. It is the isotonic (dynamic) exercise that is beneficial for the heart and not the isometric (static) exercise which should be avoided by heart patients. Weight lifting, carrying heavy suitcases while travelling, pushing a car are some of the examples of isometric exercises. Examples of the beneficial type of physical activity (dynamic exercise) are brisk walking, swimming, golf without power carts, badminton and tennis (doubles for those with old heart attacks but fully recovered, to be started only after physician's advice)

There are several studies showing that physically active people have higher longevity than those sedentary or physically inactive.

"Before starting any physical exercise programmes for the first time, one must get fully evaluated by a cardiologist so as to avoid any harm being done by exercise if there is serious underlying heart disease needing treatment," warns Dr Wasir.

Answer
Title: Having a Healthy Heart World Heart Day.

(a) to control death & disability

(b) to increase awareness

Causes of Heart Attacks

(a) lack of phy'l exercise (b) wrong eating habits

(c) smoking & alcohol (d) stressful lifestyle

Role of Physical Excse.

(a) prevents hrt attacks-longer life

(b) isotonic-beneficial; isometric-harmful

(c) walking: best excse.

(i) 30 to 60 mts. brisk walk

(ii) no equipment, money, mat'l or membership of club

(iii) early morning: ideal for walking

(d) Other beneficial exercises

(i) stay cycling (iii) walk'g on treadmill notes

(ii) swimming RAJ

Consult cardiologist before beginning an exercise program

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Question 45 Marks
Speech by Sojourner Truth :
“I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain’t I a woman?
Then they talk about this thing in the head; what’s this they call it? [member of audience whispers, ‘intellect’] That’s it, honey. What’s that got to do with women’s rights or Negroes’ rights? If my cup won’t hold but a pint and yours holds a quart, wouldn’t you be mean not to let me have my little half measure full?
Then that little man in black there, he says women can’t have as much rights as men, ‘cause Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.
If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they are asking to do it, the men better let them.
Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain’t got nothing more to say.”
Answer
Her thirteen children having been sold off to slavery, the mother, i.e., Sojourner says that nobody heard her grief. At that time was she not a woman? People, even of her own community, i. e., Negroes, make derogatory remarks on her and are never ready to share their extra with her. She curtly asks those who say, “women cannot have rights as men” that is it so because Christ was not a woman? Then she invites women to get together to bring about radical change in their status and attitude in comparison with men.
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Question 55 Marks
A Speech by Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)
Venue : Shantiniketan, April 1941
Today I complete eighty years of my life. As I look back on the vast stretch of years that lie behind me and see in clear perspective the history of my early ‘ development, I am struck by the change that has taken place both in my own attitude and in the psychology of my countrymen-a change that carries within it a cause of profound tragedy.
Our direct contact with the larger world of men was linked up with the contemporary history of the English people whom we came to know in those earlier days. It was mainly through their mighty literature that we formed our ideas with regard to these newcomers to our Indian shores. In those days the type of learning that was served out to us was neither plentiful nor diverse, nor was the spirit of scientific enquiry very much in evidence. Thus their scope being strictly limited, the educated of those days had recourse to English language and literature. Their days and nights were eloquent with the stately declamations of Burke, with Macaulay’s long-rolling sentences; discussions centred upon Shakespeare’s drama and Byron’s poetry and above all upon the large-hearted liberalism of the nineteenth-century English politics.
At the time though tentative attempts were being made to gain our national independence, at heart we had not lost faith in the generosity of the English race. This belief was so firmly rooted in the sentiments of our leaders as to lead them to hope that the victor would of his own grace pave the path of freedom for the vanquished. This belief was based upon the fact that England at the time provided a shelter to all those who had to flee from persecution in their own country. Political martyrs who had suffered for the honour of their people were accorded unreserved welcome at the hands of the English.
I was impressed by this evidence of liberal humanity in the character of the English and thus I was led to set them on the pedestal of my highest respect. This generosity in their national character had not yet been vitiated by imperialist pride. About this time, as a boy in England, I had the opportunity of listening to the speeches of John Bright, both in and outside Parliament. The large-hearted, radical liberalism of those speeches, overflowing all narrow national bounds, had made so deep an impression on my mind that something of it lingers even today, even in these days of graceless disillusionment.
Answer
On the last day of the completion of his eightieth year, Rabindranath Tagore talks about the change in his own attitude and in the psychology of Indian people. He says that the change was influenced by the English people who ruled over India for long. Their language and literature cast a great influence taking in the large-hearted liberalism of the nineteenth century English Politics. Even though the country wanted freedom from the British rule, the people had not lost their faith in the generosity of the English race. Political martyrs were accorded unreserved welcome at the hands of the English. It impressed Tagore a lot for the liberal humanity in their character. Tagore admits that the large-hearted, radical liberalism of speeches of John Bright in and outside the Parliament still lingers on his mind.
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Question 64 Marks
On the basis of your reading of the given passage, make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Supply a suitable title to it.
A good business letter is one that gets results. The best way to get results is to develop a letter that, in its appearance, style and content, conveys information efficiently. To perform this function, a business letter should be concise, clear and courteous. The business letter must be concise: don't waste words. Little introduction or preliminary chat is necessary. Get to the point, make the point, and leave it. It is safe to assume that your letter is being read by a very busy person with all kinds of papers to deal with. Re-read and revise your message until the words and sentences you have used are precise. This takes time, but is a necessary part of a good business letter. A short business letter that makes its point quickly has much more impact on a reader than a long-winded, rambling exercise in creative writing. This does not mean that there is no place for style and even, on occasion, humour in the business letter. While it conveys a message in its contents, the letter also provides the reader with an impression of you, its author: the medium is part of the message. The business letter must be clear. You should have a very firm idea of what you want to say, and you should let the reader know it. Use the structure of the letter-the paragraphs, topic sentences, introduction and conclusion to guide the reader point by point from your thesis, through your reasoning, to your conclusion. Paragraph often, to break up the page and to lend an air of organisation to the letter. Use an accepted business-letter format. Re-read what you have written from the point of view of someone who is seeing it for the first time, and be sure that all explanations are adequate, all information provided (including reference numbers, dates, and other identification). A clear message, clearly delivered, is the essence of business communication. The business letter must be courteous. Sarcasm and insults are ineffective and can often work against you. If you are sure you are right, point that out as politely as possible, explain why you are right, and outline what the reader is expected to do about it. Another form of courtesy is taking care in your writing and typing of the business letter. Grammatical and spelling errors (even if you call them typing errors) tell a reader that you don't think enough of him or can lower the reader's opinion of your personality faster than anything you say, no matter how idiotic. There are excuses for ignorance; there are no excuses for sloppiness.
Answer
1. Conciseness (Cns)
$\rightarrow$ Avoid unnecessary words, get straight to the point
$\rightarrow$ Keep introduction brief and minimal
$\rightarrow$ Assume the reader is busy and value their time
$\rightarrow$ Revise for precision in wording and sentences
$\rightarrow$ Short, direct letters have more impact than long ones
2. Clarity (Clr)
$\rightarrow$ Have a clear purpose and message
$\rightarrow$ Organize content logically: intro, body, conclusion
$\rightarrow$ Use proper structure to guide the reader
$\rightarrow$ Break up the text into paragraphs for better readability
$\rightarrow$ Ensure all details (dates, references, etc.) are clearly presented
3. Courtesy (Cty)
$\rightarrow$ Avoid sarcasm or insults; maintain professionalism
$\rightarrow$ If you're right, state it politely and provide reasoning
$\rightarrow$ Specify expected actions from the reader
$\rightarrow$ Pay attention to grammar and spelling to maintain respect
$\rightarrow$ Sloppy writing damages professional reputation
4. Style (Stl)
$\rightarrow$ Ensure the tone is appropriate, with clarity prioritized
$\rightarrow$ Humor can be used, but should be limited and suitable
$\rightarrow$ The appearance and style contribute to the overall message
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