ENGLISH Choose From The Given Options. {Unit} [Second Exam] [2 Marks]

The concept of sustainable development was popularised in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development. In its report it defined the idea as “Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs”, i.e., without stripping the natural world of resources future generations would need.

In the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, there is a cage where the notice reads, ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’. Inside the cage there is no animal but a mirror where you see yourself. Thanks to the efforts of a number of agencies in different countries, a new awareness has now dawned upon the most dangerous animal in Jhe world. He has realised the wisdom of shifting from a system based on domination to one based on partnership.

Questions :
Q.1. ‘Sustainable Development’ means ………………
A. development of environment.
B. awareness of environment.
C. development to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations.
D. immediate development at any cost.

Q.2. It would be a chief concern of sustainable development ……………..
A. to care for the needs of future generations.
B. not to bar the natural world of resources.
C. meeting the needs of the present at any cost.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Mr Lester R. Brown in his thoughtful book, The Global Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems are four-fisheries, forests, grasslands and croplands – and they form the foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide virtually all the raw materials for industry except minerals and petroleum-derived synthetics. In large areas of the world, human claims on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level, a point where their productivity is being impaired.

When this happens, fisheries collapse, forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands, and croplands deteriorate. In a protein-conscious and protein- hungry world, over-fishing is common every day. In poor countries, local forests are being decimated in order to procure firewood for cooking. In some places, firewood has become so expensive that “what goes under the pot now costs more than what goes inside it”. Since the tropical forest is, in the words of Dr Myers, “the powerhouse of evolution”, several species of life face extinction as a result of its destruction.

Questions:
Q.1. The earth’s principal biological systems …………………..
A. supply our food.
B. provide all the raw materials for industry.
C. provide minerals and petroleum products.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Q.2. ……………….. form the foundation of global economic system.
A. Petroleum products
B. Four principal biological systems of the earth
C. Protein-rich food products
D. All of these three

A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography conducted by the United Nations, warns that the environment has deteriorated so badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eighty- eight countries investigated.

There can be no doubt that the growth of world population is one of the strongest factors distorting the future of human society. It took mankind more than a million years to reach the first billion. That was the world population around the year 1800. By the year 1900, a second billion was added, and the twentieth century has added another 3.7 billion. The present world population is estimated at 5.7 billion. Every four days the world population increases by one million.

Fertility falls as incomes rise, education spreads and health improves. Thus, development is the best contraceptive. But development itself may not be possible if the present increase in numbers continues.

Questions:
Q.1. We have come to know about the deterioration of environment through ……………..
A. satellites.
B. aerial photography.
C. survey conducted in the U.S.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Q.2. ………………..is one of the strongest factors which has distorted the future of human society.
A. The growth of world population
B. Use of satellites
C. Environmental threat
D. Fall of fertility

For the first time in human history we see a transcending concern-the survival not just of the people but of the planet. We have begun to take a holistic view of the very basis of our existence. The environment problem does not necessarily signal our demise, it is our passport for the future. The emerging new world vision has ushered in the Era of Responsibility. It is a holistic view, an ecological view, seeing the world as an integrated whole rather than a dissociated collection of parts.

Industry has a most crucial role to play in this new Era of Responsibility. What a transformation would be effected if more businessmen shared the view of the Chairman of Du Pont, Mr Edgar S. Woolard who, five years ago, declared himself to be the Company’s ‘Chief Environmental Officer’. He said, ‘Our continued existence as a leading manufacturer requires that we excel in environmental performance.’

Questions:
Q.1. ………………. is a transcending concern for the first time in human history.
A. The survival of the people
B. The survival of the planet
C. The environmental problem
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Q.2. The holistic view of the emerging new world vision is …………………..
A. seeing the world as an integrated whole world.
B. not to see the world as dissociated collection of parts.
C. seeing the world as a large industry.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’