BIOLOGY 1 Marks Question

Haemoglobin.

Glucose and ribose are the examples of monosaccharide.

Glycogen is found in liver cells and muscles in the body.

1. Three hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine.
2. Two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine.

1. Ribozymes.
2. Niacin.

Uracil (a pyrimidine base) is present in RNA (in DNA it is thymine).

Peptide bond.

Proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids.

The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in a cell, is called metabolism. Metabolic pathways, type of pathways, glycolysis, energy currency.

N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine.

Nucleic acid.

Uracil (U), is the nitrogenous base present only in RNA, e.g., viruses like hepatitis C.

Emil Fischer (1894) proposed lock and key hypothesis.

Ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO).

Transition state structure of the substrate refers to the new structure of the substrate formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme, before conversion into product(s).

Aromatic oils.

Peroxidases and catalases.

Appearance of blue colour with the addition of iodine is due to its reaction with amylose of starch.

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are the four basic essential elements of life.

Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine.

Lipids.

Arginine.

Proteins are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

'Biomolecules' refers to all the carbon compounds that we obtain from the living cells/ tissues.

The name given is heteropolysaccharide to the type of polysaccharide, which is composed of different types of monomers, e.g., pectin.

Backbone of DNA molecule is formed of sugar and phosphates.

Isoenzymes (isozymes) is the term used for enzymes that have slightly different structure, but similar catalytic action.

Since, cellulose is made of only one type of monomer (glucose), that is why it is considered as a homopolymer.

Collagen forms the intercellular ground substance.

Extracellular.

• Insulin is a hormone.
• Trypsin is an enzyme.

1. Glycine.
2. Serine.

The structure/ shape of the active site should be suitable to the shape of the substrate molecule for the formation of enzyme-substrate complex; hence, enzymes are specific for substrates.

Enzymes work on the principle of lock and key model.

Casein: Found in milks. Albumin: Found in eggs.

1. Glycine.
2. Serine.

It enables glucose transport into cells.

1. Ten.
2. 34Å. or 3.4nm.

The temperature affects the velocity of enzyme action. When the temperature is high, there is a sudden decrease in enzyme action due to denaturation. Most enzymatic reactions occur below 45°C.

Analysis of chemical composition gives an understanding of basic constituents of the living organisms. Apart from that chemical analysis is also used to diagnose various diseases.

The enzyme becomes inactive on increasing temperature because the proteins denature at high temperature due to which its tertiary structure gets disrupted.

Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars, which cannot be further hydrolysed.

Triose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharides and starch.

Active or catalytic site is that part of an enzyme where catalytic work is carried out.

Nitrogen is found invariably in proteins, but not in all carbohydrates and lipids.

1. An acidic amino acid-Aspartic acid.
2. A basic amino acid-Arginine.

Ribozymes.

Starch consists of two components, i.e., unbranched spirally coiled amylose molecules and branched amylopectin molecules. Both are glucose polymers,hence it is called as homopolysaccharide.

Enzymes are proteinaceous in nature.

1. Collagen.
2. Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase.

Dehydration reaction.

Ruminants.

Watson and Crick proposed the double helical model of DNA structure. The two strands are antiparallel because they run in opposite directions, one in the 5' → 3' direction and the other in 3' → 5' direction.

Catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Prosthetic groups are organic compounds and are distinguished from other cofactors in that they are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. They are the sites of active reaction.

4.5-5.0mM.

Ribose and Deoxyribose.

3. Lipid.

2. Nucleic acid.

Amino group and carboxylic group.

Chitin.

Cytosine.

Haemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood.

Polyunsaturated oils contain fatty acids having one or more double bonds, the clotting property of blood decreases due to high proportions of PUPA. Thus, the possibility of blockage is reduced.

Trihydroxy propane.

Rubber, Spices, Drugs, Pigments, etc.

DNA is a genetic material. It transfers hereditary characters from one generation to the next.

Their melting point.

The human body does not manufacture certain essential amino acids. Since, they are essential so it is necessary to take them through food supplement.

Co-enzymes are organic compounds and their association with the apoenzyme is only transient, usually occurring during the course of catalysis.

1. Non-equilibrium steady state.

In mouth, salivary amylase changes starch to maltose. Action of amylase stops in stomach as it cannot act in acidic medium.

Prosthetic group and coenzyme.

Inulin is the polymer of fructose.

1. Concanavaline A.
2. Lemon grass oil.

N-acetyl glucosamine is the basic unit of chitin.

Oil is non-polar and is not attracted to water. So, oil is not soluble in water.

Steroids and terpenes.

Six classes of enzymes are:

1. Oxidoreductases.
2. Transferases.
3. Hydrolases.
4. Lyases.
5. Isomerases.
6. Ligases.

Nitrogen and phosphorus.

Starch forms helical secondary structure and it can hold jodine in the helices; the starch-iodine complex is blue in colour.

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate.

Higher nucleotides.

Trichloroacetic acid is used for grinding animal tissue for chemical analysis of organic compounds.

Vinblastine and curcumin.

Glycogen in animals. Starch in plants.

Stachyose.

Temperature and pressure are the two physical factors that affects activity of an enzyme.

A system at equilibrium cannot work. But, living organisms have to work continuously and cannot afford to reach equilibrium, so living state is a non-equilibrium steady-state.

Paper making.

Apoenzyme works only in the presence of a cofactor or coenzyme.

Adenine and guanine.

Living state is defined as a non-equilibrium steady-state to be able to perform work.

Phospholipid.

Glutamic acid.