BIOLOGY M.C.Q (1 Marks)

(a) Pneumotaxic centre
Explanation: The pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. A neural signal from this centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.

(d) Glycosuria
Explanation: Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated with diabetes or kidney disease.

(a) Algae
Explanation: Spirulina is a blue-green alga and It is one of the most potent nutrient sources of vitamins B-1(thiamine), B- 2 (riboflavin), B-3(nicotinamide), B-6 (pyridoxine), B-9 (folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin A, and vitamin E. It is also a source of potassium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, sodium and zinc.

(b) ABA
Explanation: Abscisic acid encourages fruit to drop and leaves to fall. When the plant is low on water abscisic acid closes the stomata, pores in the leaves. It encourages both seeds and plants to go dormant. The hormone induces seeds to produce proteins to store when the seeds are dormant.

(d) Cutaneous respiration
Explanation: In Cutaneous respiration, the exchange of gases occurs through the skin. Animals undergoing cutaneous respiration usually have moist skin.

(b) 75-[30+20] mm Hg
Explanation: Net force of filtration pressure is equal to the blood pressure of glomerular capillaries minus sum of the osmotic pressure of plasma and hydrostatic pressure of fluid in renal tubule. So, filtration pressure = 75-[30+20] mm Hg.

(d) Carboxylation, reduction, regeneration
Explanation: The Calvin cycle can be described under three stages: carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration. Pathway operated in a cyclic manner.

(c) 20-25 times higher than that of oxygen
Explanation: The solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times higher than that of oxygen, the amount of carbon dioxide that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher compared to that of oxygen.

(d) Parenchyma through the pits of vessels wall
Explanation: Tyloses are balloon-like ingrowths in vessels developing from parenchyma cells through the pits of the vessel wall of the xylem of secondary heartwood.

(b) Nucleotide
Explanation: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide. A nucleotide is formed by pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphates. Many nucleotides join together to form polynucleotide

(d) Decrease in the level of vasopressin
Explanation: Polyuria is usually the result of drinking excessive amounts of fluids (polydipsia), particularly water and fluids that contain caffeine or alcohol. A person suffering from polyuria may develop excessive production of urea and suffer from dehydration due to a decrease in the level of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin.

(d) To show Latin origin
Explanation: At the time when biologist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) published the books that are now accepted as the starting point of binomial nomenclature, Latin was used in Western Europe as the common language of science, and scientific names were in Latin.