BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)

i. A-androecium, B-gynoecium, C-corolla, D-calyx
Androecium: It contains pollen grains, which are responsible for reproduction in the male part of the plant.
Gynoecium: It holds ovary, which is transformed into fruit after fertilization.
Corolla: The corolla promotes pollination and protects the reproductive organs.
Calyx: The main function of the calyx is to protect the floral shoot during the bud stage.
ii. • Ganosepalous: Plants with many fused sepals are known as Gamosepalous. Eg, Hibiscus, Periwinkle, etc.
• Polypetalous: Polysepalous plants are also categorized based on sepals. Eg, Rose, Southern magnolia, etc.
• When the margins of the petals are in contact with each other without overlapping, it is called valvate aestivation. For example, Calotropis.
• Contoured or twisted estivation occurs when the margin of one petal overlaps the margin of the next. Example - Hibiscus.

OR

Figure (c), Imbricate aestivation occurs when the margins of sepals or petals overlap without a clear direction. There is an irregular overlapping of petals by each other in this type of aestivation.

i. The sexual cycle of fungi involves the following steps:
a. The fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
b. The fusion of two nuclei is called karyogamy.
c. Meiosis in zygote results in haploid spores.
ii. Rhizopus is a fungus that reproduces by spore formation.
No, Rhizopus - wheat rush is not a correct match.
iii. • Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots are called mycorrhizae.
• Fungi that form mycorrhizal (mycorrhizal fungi) can deliver inorganic nutrients such as phosphate.
• In exchange, the plants supply the fungi with organic nutrients.

OR

Fungi store food in the form of glycogen, along with oil bodies.
Plants, protists, mammals, and fungi all have vacuoles in their cells. Food vacuoles are sacs enclosed by a membrane and have a digestive function